scholarly journals Retinal Topographic Maps: A Glimpse into the Animals’ Visual World

Author(s):  
Einat Hauzman ◽  
Daniela M.O. Bonci ◽  
Dora F. Ventura
Author(s):  
Pirita Pyykkönen ◽  
Juhani Järvikivi

A visual world eye-tracking study investigated the activation and persistence of implicit causality information in spoken language comprehension. We showed that people infer the implicit causality of verbs as soon as they encounter such verbs in discourse, as is predicted by proponents of the immediate focusing account ( Greene & McKoon, 1995 ; Koornneef & Van Berkum, 2006 ; Van Berkum, Koornneef, Otten, & Nieuwland, 2007 ). Interestingly, we observed activation of implicit causality information even before people encountered the causal conjunction. However, while implicit causality information was persistent as the discourse unfolded, it did not have a privileged role as a focusing cue immediately at the ambiguous pronoun when people were resolving its antecedent. Instead, our study indicated that implicit causality does not affect all referents to the same extent, rather it interacts with other cues in the discourse, especially when one of the referents is already prominently in focus.


1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Potash ◽  
John P. Farrell ◽  
Thomas E. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  

The Eye ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (130) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Gulnara Andrienko

Corneal topography is the main method for assessing the regularity of the surface of the cornea. Corneal irregularity leads to a deterioration in its refractive properties and a decrease in the quality of vision. Learning the basics of corneal topography will help determine the choice of a color map for a specific situation, as well as understand and analyze the data associated with these maps. This article describes the main types of topographic maps, various patterns of corneal shape in normal and pathological conditions and how to use the data obtained to design and fit contact lenses. Despite the fact that images may vary depending on topographers used, the information presented in this article is universal.


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