scholarly journals Operations Management and Decision Making in Deployment of an On-Site Biological Analytical Capacity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Vybornova ◽  
Jean-Luc Gala
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Operations Management

Enhancing Regulatory Decision Making for Postmarket Drug Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Ahuja ◽  
Carlos A. Alvarez ◽  
John R. Birge ◽  
Chad Syverson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Increased Risk

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the approval and safe public use of pharmaceutical products in the United States. The FDA uses postmarket surveillance systems to monitor drugs already on the market; a drug found to be associated with an increased risk of adverse events (ADEs) is subject to a recall or a warning. A flawed postmarket decision-making process can have unintended consequences for patients, create uncertainty among providers and affect their prescribing practices, and subject the FDA to unfavorable public scrutiny. The FDA’s current pharmacovigilance process suffers from several shortcomings (e.g., a high underreporting rate), often resulting in incorrect or untimely decisions. Thus, there is a need for robust, data-driven approaches to support and enhance regulatory decision making in the context of postmarket pharmacovigilance. We propose such an approach that has several appealing features—it employs large, reliable, and relevant longitudinal databases; it uses methods firmly established in literature; and it addresses selection bias and endogeneity concerns. Our approach can be used to both (i) independently validate existing safety concerns relating to a drug, such as those emanating from existing surveillance systems, and (ii) perform a holistic safety assessment by evaluating a drug’s association with other ADEs to which the users may be susceptible. We illustrate the utility of our approach by applying it retrospectively to a highly publicized FDA black box warning (BBW) for rosiglitazone, a diabetes drug. Using comprehensive data from the Veterans Health Administration on more than 320,000 diabetes patients over an eight-year period, we find that the drug was not associated with the two ADEs that led to the BBW, a conclusion that the FDA evidently reached, as it retracted the warning six years after issuing it. We demonstrate the generalizability of our approach by retroactively evaluating two additional warnings, those related to statins and atenolol, which we found to be valid. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Individual and cultural differences in newsvendor decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Lucy Gongtao Chen ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Order Quantities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate cultural and individual differences in newsvendor decision making.Design/methodology/approachThe online experiment, programmed in the PHP scripting language, had 107 participants: local managers of four large, well-known and supply chain–intensive firms in China (Lenovo, Shenhua, CMST and GM).FindingsThe authors find that, as compared with American subjects, Chinese subjects engage in more demand chasing, order quantities that are closer to the mean demand, have a lower expected profit and exhibit greater variance in order quantities. However, these observations may not hold when the cross-cultural comparison is conducted for each pair of ethnic subgroups whose members have the same cognitive reflection test score, a measure of individual differences. Moreover, cultural differences also affect how individual differences manifest in newsvendor decisions.Practical implicationsThe authors findings have important implications for employee selection, training and management in any cross-cultural business environment.Originality/valueLittle attention has been paid, in the behavioural operations literature, to individual differences and how they interact with culture. This paper is the first to examine the interaction effects of cultural and individual differences in newsvendor decisions, and it highlights an important research area that is currently understudied in operations management.

Operations Project and Management in Trauma Centers

2020 ◽  
pp. 481-496
Author(s):  
Thais Spiegel ◽  
Daniel Bouzon Nagem Assad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Current Stage

Topic of discussions over the last decades, the literature related to the care of patients suffering from poly-trauma, under the assistance point of view, is sufficiently consolidated concerning to the adoption of best practices, what, usually are conducted and disseminated by accrediting organizations. However, expanding the search frontier beyond the assistance dimension, it's noticed the divergences between the recent researches or theoretical shortcomings regarding to the design and management of these operations. In face of this finding, noticed from a literature review in the most important bases of operations management and health, it's adopted a conceptual model which covers relevant elements of the project of an operation, such as: strategy, capacity, human resources, incentive systems, organizational structure and decision making; in order to systematize the current stage of the field, highlighting the differences between recent studies and proposing a set of practices and premises, which are necessary for the operationalization of the proposed model.

Machine Learning for Industrial IoT Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 336-358
Author(s):  
Mona Bakri Hassan ◽  
Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making

The use of AI algorithms in the IoT enhances the ability to analyse big data and various platforms for a number of IoT applications, including industrial applications. AI provides unique solutions in support of managing each of the different types of data for the IoT in terms of identification, classification, and decision making. In industrial IoT (IIoT), sensors, and other intelligence can be added to new or existing plants in order to monitor exterior parameters like energy consumption and other industrial parameters levels. In addition, smart devices designed as factory robots, specialized decision-making systems, and other online auxiliary systems are used in the industries IoT. Industrial IoT systems need smart operations management methods. The use of machine learning achieves methods that analyse big data developed for decision-making purposes. Machine learning drives efficient and effective decision making, particularly in the field of data flow and real-time analytics associated with advanced industrial computing networks.

scholarly journals Destruction Decisions for Managing Excess Inventory in E-Commerce Logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pourya Pourhejazy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Decision ◽  
Internet Shopping ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Management Literature

The Internet has brought about new possibilities for innovation and radically changed business activities. Internet shopping is a prime example of increasing popularity, which is exacerbated due to the recent pandemic. It is expected that e-commerce will accommodate more than a quarter of the total retail sales worldwide in the next few years. Given the characteristics of e-commerce, inventory management is of paramount importance for an effective and timely response to the online customers’ demand. Despite its relevance, the issue of warehouse excess inventory is not sufficiently studied in the operations management literature. This study explores the factors, including sustainability and strategic considerations, that influence the inventory destruction decisions as one of the alternatives for managing excess inventory. Applying the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the interrelationships between the decision factors are investigated and the decisive considerations are identified. Overall, the outcomes provide insights for the e-commerce practitioners and offer directions for modeling and managing inventory destruction decisions.

scholarly journals Decision-Making in a Real-Time Business Simulation Game: Cultural and Demographic Aspects in Small Group Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 779-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bragge ◽  
Henrik Kallio ◽  
Tomi Seppälä ◽  
Timo Lainema ◽  
Pekka Malo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Business Simulation

Simulated virtual realities offer a promising but currently underutilized source of data in studying cultural and demographic aspects of dynamic decision-making (DDM) in small groups. This study focuses on one simulated reality, a clock-driven business simulation game, which is used to teach operations management. The purpose of our study is to analyze the characteristics of the decision-making groups, such as cultural orientation, education, gender and group size, and their relationship to group performance in a real-time processed simulation game. Our study examines decision-making in small groups of two or three employees from a global manufacturing and service operations company. We aim at shedding new light on how such groups with diverse background profiles perform as decision-making units. Our results reveal that the profile of the decision-making group influences the outcome of decision-making, the final business result of the simulation game. In particular, the cultural and gender diversity, as well as group size seem to have intertwined effects on team performance.

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