scholarly journals 18 kDa Translocator Protein in Mitochondria-Related Pathology: The Case of Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahum Rosenberg ◽  
Nasra Yasin ◽  
Leo Veenman ◽  
Orit Rosenberg ◽  
Abraham Weizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Translocator Protein

scholarly journals Reduction of Traumatic Brain Damage by Tspo Ligand Etifoxine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Shehadeh ◽  
Eilam Palzur ◽  
Liat Apel ◽  
Jean Francois Soustiel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Experimental studies have shown that ligands of the 18 kDa translocator protein can reduce neuronal damage induced by traumatic brain injury by protecting mitochondria and preventing metabolic crisis. Etifoxine, an anxiolytic drug and 18 kDa translocator protein ligand, has shown beneficial effects in the models of peripheral nerve neuropathy. The present study investigates the potential effect of etifoxine as a neuroprotective agent in traumatic brain injury (TBI). For this purpose, the effect of etifoxine on lesion volume and modified neurological severity score at 4 weeks was tested in Sprague–Dawley adult male rats submitted to cortical impact contusion. Effects of etifoxine treatment on neuronal survival and apoptosis were also assessed by immune stains in the perilesional area. Etifoxine induced a significant reduction in the lesion volume compared to nontreated animals in a dose-dependent fashion with a similar effect on neurological outcome at four weeks that correlated with enhanced neuron survival and reduced apoptotic activity. These results are consistent with the neuroprotective effect of etifoxine in TBI that may justify further translational research.

Prognostic significance of serum translocator protein in patients with traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Feng Luo ◽  
Jian-Feng Weng ◽  
Meng Cen ◽  
Xiao-Qiao Dong ◽  
Wen-Hua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Translocator Protein

scholarly journals Etifoxine Restores Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Improves Cognitive Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12881
Author(s):  
Eilam Palzur ◽  
Doron Edelman ◽  
Reem Sakas ◽  
Jean Francois Soustiel
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
The Impact

The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has emerged as a pivotal event following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Evidence showing the impact of the translocator protein (TSPO) over mPTP activity has prompted several studies exploring the effect of TSPO ligands, including etifoxine, on the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by respirometry in isolated rat brain mitochondria (RBM) by measurements of oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS). The addition of calcium to RBM was used to induce mitochondrial injury and resulted in significant OXPHOS reduction that could be reversed by preincubation of RBM with etifoxine. Sensorimotor and cognitive functions were assessed following controlled cortical impact and compared in vehicle and etifoxine-treated animals. There was no difference between the vehicle and etifoxine groups for sensorimotor functions as assessed by rotarod. In contrast, etifoxine resulted in a significant improvement of cognitive functions expressed by faster recovery in Morris water maze testing. The present findings show a significant neuroprotective effect of etifoxine in TBI through restoration of oxidative phosphorylation capacity associated with improved behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Since etifoxine is a registered drug used in common clinical practice, implementation in a phase II study may represent a reasonable step forward.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of translocator protein in the brain tissue following traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Bao ◽  
Xuesong Yuan ◽  
Xiaoxing Bian ◽  
Wenfeng Wei ◽  
Peng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The study aimed to measure the expression of translocator protein (TSPO) in brain tissue following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine whether TSPO can predict outcomes. Methods TBI patients requiring emergent craniectomy and removing of intracranial hematoma were recruited from Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University between January 2018 and May 2020. TBI patients were divided into unfavorable and favorable groups according to GOS score. The TSPO in brain samples was analyzed by western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results The western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that the TSPO in the unfavorable group was higher than that in the favorable group. Double immunofluorescence staining exhibited that the percentage of TSPO positive cells in IBA1 and GFAP positive cells was 45.2 ± 3.1% and 3.5 ± 0.6% respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, CT, ICP and GCS, we found each 1-unit increase in TSPO was associated with 40% higher occurrence of unfavorable outcome (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.4–5.6). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity of TSPO was 0.87, 76.7%, 88.2% respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that higher TSPO was associated with higher occurrence of unfavorable outcomes.

scholarly journals Changes in Binding of [123I]CLINDE, a High-Affinity Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Selective Radioligand in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius K. Donat ◽  
Khaled Gaber ◽  
Jürgen Meixensberger ◽  
Peter Brust ◽  
Lars H. Pinborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Translocator Protein 18 Kda

scholarly journals An In Vivo Study of a Rat Fluid-Percussion-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil PET Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanta Ghosh ◽  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Chang-Tong Yang ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptors ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) modelled by lateral fluid percussion-induction (LFPI) in rats is a widely used experimental rodent model to explore and understand the underlying cellular and molecular alterations in the brain caused by TBI in humans. Current improvements in imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) have made it possible to map certain features of TBI-induced cellular and molecular changes equally in humans and animals. The PET imaging technique is an apt supplement to nanotheranostic-based treatment alternatives that are emerging to tackle TBI. The present study aims to investigate whether the two radioligands, [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil, are able to accurately quantify in vivo molecular-cellular changes in a rodent TBI-model for two different biochemical targets of the processes. In addition, it serves to observe any palpable variations associated with primary and secondary injury sites, and in the affected versus the contralateral hemispheres. As [11C]PBR28 is a radioligand of the 18 kD translocator protein, the up-regulation of which is coupled to the level of neuroinflammation in the brain, and [18F]flumazenil is a radioligand for GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors, whose level mirrors interneuronal activity and eventually cell death, the use of the two radioligands may reveal two critical features of TBI. An up-regulation in the [11C]PBR28 uptake triggered by the LFP in the injured (right) hemisphere was noted on day 14, while the uptake of [18F]flumazenil was down-regulated on day 14. When comparing the left (contralateral) and right (LFPI) hemispheres, the differences between the two in neuroinflammation were obvious. Our results demonstrate a potential way to measure the molecular alterations in a rodent-based TBI model using PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]flumazenil. These radioligands are promising options that can be eventually used in exploring the complex in vivo pharmacokinetics and delivery mechanisms of nanoparticles in TBI treatment.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Lessons Learned From Coaching Postsecondary Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mary R. T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Exhaustive List

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a brief update of the evidence that provides possible explanations for our experiences while coaching college students with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method The narrative text provides readers with lessons we learned as speech-language pathologists functioning as cognitive coaches to college students with TBI. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather to consider the recent scientific evidence that will help our understanding of how best to coach these college students. Conclusion Four lessons are described. Lesson 1 focuses on the value of self-reported responses to surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Lesson 2 addresses the use of immediate/proximal goals as leverage for students to update their sense of self and how their abilities and disabilities may alter their more distal goals. Lesson 3 reminds us that teamwork is necessary to address the complex issues facing these students, which include their developmental stage, the sudden onset of trauma to the brain, and having to navigate going to college with a TBI. Lesson 4 focuses on the need for college students with TBI to learn how to self-advocate with instructors, family, and peers.

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Katy O'Brien ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter ◽  
Tracey Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal. Method This viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children). Results SLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents. Conclusion The guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.

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