scholarly journals Discovery of the Phenomenon of Intracellular Development of Cardiac Stem Cell: A New Step in Understanding of Biology and Behavior of Tissue-Specific Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina B. Belostotskaya ◽  
Tatyana A. Golovanova ◽  
Irina V. Nerubatskaya ◽  
Michael M. Galagudza
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cardiac Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

scholarly journals Germline competent mesoderm: the substrate for vertebrate germline and somatic stem cells?

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Savage ◽  
Ramiro Alberio ◽  
Andrew D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

ABSTRACT In vitro production of tissue-specific stem cells [e.g. haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)] is a key goal of regenerative medicine. However, recent efforts to produce fully functional tissue-specific stem cells have fallen short. One possible cause of shortcomings may be that model organisms used to characterize basic vertebrate embryology (Xenopus, zebrafish, chick) may employ molecular mechanisms for stem cell specification that are not conserved in humans, a prominent example being the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Germ plasm irreversibly specifies PGCs in many models; however, it is not conserved in humans, which produce PGCs from tissue termed germline-competent mesoderm (GLCM). GLCM is not conserved in organisms containing germ plasm, or even in mice, but understanding its developmental potential could unlock successful production of other stem cell types. GLCM was first discovered in embryos from the axolotl and its conservation has since been demonstrated in pigs, which develop from a flat-disc embryo like humans. Together these findings suggest that GLCM is a conserved basal trait of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, the immortal nature of germ cells suggests that immortality is retained during GLCM specification; here we suggest that the demonstrated pluripotency of GLCM accounts for retention of immortality in somatic stem cell types as well. This article has an associated Future Leaders to Watch interview with the author of the paper.

6. Therapy using tissue-specific stem cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Jonathan Slack
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

‘Therapy using tissue-specific stem cells’ begins with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is considered the most important type of stem cell therapy. HSCT covers the transplantation of bone marrow and other types of transplant where the blood-forming stem cells of the graft come from non-marrow sources. It is used mostly for the treatment of leukaemias and lymphomas. Some genetic diseases of the blood have also been successfully treated using allogeneic HSCT. There are also other examples of cell therapy using tissue-specific stem cells, such as epidermal cells for the treatment of burns and limbal (corneal) stem cells for treatment of eye injuries.

Age-Related Changes in Tissue-Specific Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. sci-3-sci-3
Author(s):  
Amy J. Wagers ◽  
Massimiliano Cerletti ◽  
Shane R. Mayack ◽  
Francis S. Kim ◽  
Jennifer L. Shadrach
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

Abstract Aging of multicellular organisms typically involves progressive decline in the body’s ability to maintain homeostatic cell replacement and to regenerate tissues and organs after injury. In both the blood and the skeletal muscle, aging significantly impairs regenerative activity and can dysregulate normal homeostatic production of mature cells. These age-acquired defects in tissue function profoundly impact the health of older individuals, as evidenced by the high incidence of age-related muscle deterioration (sarcopenia), bone marrow failure, immune dysfunction, and blood cancers in the elderly. How aging causes deterioration of tissue function is poorly understood, but several lines of evidence suggest that loss or functional impairment of tissue-specific stem cells directly contributes to age-dependent failures in tissue repair. Interestingly, the effects of aging on tissue stem cell function appear to arise at least in part from alterations in the aged tissue environment, which can inhibit stem cell activity in older animals and may be regulated by factors that circulate naturally in the bloodstream. By making use of sensitive in vivo and in vitro approaches, including direct cell isolation by FACS, we are investigating the extrinsic factors and interactions that control stem cell function in aged animals. Our current studies have pointed us toward a discrete set of metabolic regulators and inflammatory cytokines, which may alter the signals that stem cells receive from their environment in aged animals. The knowledge we gain from these ongoing studies will help to define novel strategies to delay or reverse the onset of age-related disease, extending the healthful life of aging individuals.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Quiescence versus Senescence: The Key for Healthy Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-49
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: Aging tissues lose their homeostatic and regenerative capacities, which has been linked to the degeneration of the stem cells such as the tissue-specific stem cells, the stem cell niches, and systemic cues that regulate stem cell activity.CONTENT: The maintenance of tissue homeostatic and regeneration dependent on its tissue-specific stem cells, that —long-lived cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that governs stem cell survival, self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation, and commitment to specific differentiated cell lineages is critical for identifying the drivers and effectors of age-associated stem cell failure. Such understanding will be critical for the development of therapeutic approaches that can decrease, and possibly reverse and repair the age-related degenerative process in aging tissues.SUMMARY: The exact mechanisms and reasons of aging process were not fully elucidated until now. Stem cells is one of the keys for maintaining tissues heath and understanding how stem cell decline with age will give us opportunities to find strategy in increasing somatic stem cells regenerative capacity and delay the aging process.KEYWORDS: adult stem cell, aging, epigenetic, metabolism, quiescence, senescence

scholarly journals Stem Cells: The Future Promise of Stem Cells in Healthspan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
Ashley Webb
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Stem Cell Aging ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

Abstract Tissue specific stem cells are critical for maintenance and repair of tissues and organs throughout life. However, during aging, the functionality of stem cells declines, contributing to tissue decline. This symposium will focus on the mechanisms underlying stem cell aging in various compartments, including muscle, brain and the hematopoietic system.

Oncogenic somatic events in tissue-specific stem cells: A role in cancer recurrence?

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Hartwig ◽  
F. Nedel ◽  
T. Collares ◽  
S.B.C. Tarquinio ◽  
J.E. Nör ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

5. Tissue-specific stem cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Jonathan Slack
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

‘Tissue-specific stem cells’ explores tissue-specific stem cells, which are stem cells found in the postnatal body that are responsible for tissue renewal or for repair following damage. Tissue-specific stem cells share with pluripotent stem cells the same ability to persist indefinitely as a population, to reproduce themselves, and to generate differentiated progeny cells. However, tissue-specific stem cells share few molecular characteristics with embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), such as expression of specific transcription factors or cell surface molecules. Only renewal tissues have stem cells in the sense of a special population of cells that reproduce themselves and continue to generate differentiated progeny.

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