scholarly journals Immune System and Its Relationships with Pathogens: Structure, Physiology, and Molecular Biology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Aguilar-Díaz ◽  
Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology

scholarly journals Analysis of tests used in detection/diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Short Period

Latest weeks the humanity is faced with the spread of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes a respiratory illness with high mortality rates, COVID-19. Since there is no approved treatment or vaccination against that specific coronavirus the reduce in virus spread is essential. That is based in the use of appropriate tools, enabling the accurate and early detection. Molecular biology and immunological techniques are widely used in order to predict the COVID-19 cases in a very short period of time. These are commonly based either in identification of the SARS-CoV-2’s genetic material or in detection of antibodies that have been produced by the immune system against the virus. Many of the above mentioned tests have been validated and approved by local authorities. However, there are much more companies that provide detection tests, without basic validation processes, contributing in non-precise data. The present review aim to analyze the most common platforms that are used in COVID-19 detection, analyzing their advantages and weaknesses. Therefore, each physician will be equipped with appropriate information required for each test.

scholarly journals Study of Diseases and the Immune System of Bivalves Using Molecular Biology and Genomics

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camino Gestal ◽  
Philippe Roch ◽  
Tristan Renault ◽  
Alberto Pallavicini ◽  
Christine Paillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology

scholarly journals Rationale in Usage of Immunomodulators for Management of Head, Face and Neck Cancers

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Sonal Vahanwala ◽  
Sandeep S Pagare ◽  
Runuk Singhi ◽  
Chaitanya D Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Major Difficulty ◽  
Immune Defect ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
To Come ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Recent advances in molecular biology have provided insight into the complex network of interaction that occurs within the immune system. The use of specific Immunomodulators to strengthen a deficient immune system or bolster a normal immune system presents a unique strategy for the treatment of various disorders that will clearly affect the practice of clinical medicine for many years to come. A major difficulty limiting the use of immunomodulators in clinical medicine has been the complexity of the immunoregulatory network in which modulation of one component usually perturbs the entire system, thus diminishing the specificity of the approach. Several immunomodulators are currently being tested in the treatment of the immune defect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This article covers the types of immunomodulators, their mechanism of action and their applications. How to cite this article Pagare SS, Singhi R, Vahanwala S Nayak CD. Rationale in Usage of Immunomodulators for Management of Head, Face and Neck Cancers. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):154-157.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Immunosenescence in Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Jin Min ◽  
Marc Tatar
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
System Degeneration

A common feature of the aging process is a decline in immune system performance. Extensive research has sought to elucidate how changes in adaptive immunity contribute to aging and to provide evidence showing that changes in innate immunity have an important role in the overall decline of net immune function. Drosophila is an emerging model used to address questions related to immunosenescence via research that integrates its capacity for genetic dissection of aging with groundbreaking molecular biology related to innate immunity. Herein, we review information on the immunosenescence of Drosophila and suggest its possible mechanisms that involve changes in insulin/IGF(insulin-like growth factor)-1 signaling, hormones such as juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, and feedback system degeneration. Lastly, the emerging role of microbiota on the regulation of immunity and aging in Drosophila is discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Razin ◽  
David Yogev ◽  
Yehudith Naot
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Parasitic Mode ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Mode Of Life

SUMMARY The recent sequencing of the entire genomes of Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae has attracted considerable attention to the molecular biology of mycoplasmas, the smallest self-replicating organisms. It appears that we are now much closer to the goal of defining, in molecular terms, the entire machinery of a self-replicating cell. Comparative genomics based on comparison of the genomic makeup of mycoplasmal genomes with those of other bacteria, has opened new ways of looking at the evolutionary history of the mycoplasmas. There is now solid genetic support for the hypothesis that mycoplasmas have evolved as a branch of gram-positive bacteria by a process of reductive evolution. During this process, the mycoplasmas lost considerable portions of their ancestors’ chromosomes but retained the genes essential for life. Thus, the mycoplasmal genomes carry a high percentage of conserved genes, greatly facilitating gene annotation. The significant genome compaction that occurred in mycoplasmas was made possible by adopting a parasitic mode of life. The supply of nutrients from their hosts apparently enabled mycoplasmas to lose, during evolution, the genes for many assimilative processes. During their evolution and adaptation to a parasitic mode of life, the mycoplasmas have developed various genetic systems providing a highly plastic set of variable surface proteins to evade the host immune system. The uniqueness of the mycoplasmal systems is manifested by the presence of highly mutable modules combined with an ability to expand the antigenic repertoire by generating structural alternatives, all compressed into limited genomic sequences. In the absence of a cell wall and a periplasmic space, the majority of surface variable antigens in mycoplasmas are lipoproteins. Apart from providing specific antimycoplasmal defense, the host immune system is also involved in the development of pathogenic lesions and exacerbation of mycoplasma induced diseases. Mycoplasmas are able to stimulate as well as suppress lymphocytes in a nonspecific, polyclonal manner, both in vitro and in vivo. As well as to affecting various subsets of lymphocytes, mycoplasmas and mycoplasma-derived cell components modulate the activities of monocytes/macrophages and NK cells and trigger the production of a wide variety of up-regulating and down-regulating cytokines and chemokines. Mycoplasma-mediated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, by macrophages and of up-regulating cytokines by mitogenically stimulated lymphocytes plays a major role in mycoplasma-induced immune system modulation and inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Molecular Structure, Pathophysiology, and Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10215-10237
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Mortality

Recently, a new coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. SARS-CoV-2 caused a global epidemic (COVID-19), which continues to kill thousands of people around the world today. With an exclusively interhuman transmission mode, in the absence of a vaccine, the spreading of this new coronavirus is accelerating remarkably. With the studies of the molecular biology of the virus, molecular and serological diagnostic tests are implemented. However, the pathophysiology is not well understood and variable, which gives different symptoms, with a significant mortality rate. Indeed, several organs such as the lungs, brain, kidneys, immune system, and heart are affected directly and/or indirectly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document