scholarly journals Nonideal Solution Behavior in Forward Osmosis Processes Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy D. Roach ◽  
Mandy M. Bondaruk ◽  
Zain Burney
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solution Behavior

Succinate Functionalization of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Draw Solute During Forward Osmosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 8279-8284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Man Yang ◽  
Hye Min Choi ◽  
Sung-Chan Jang ◽  
Myeong Jin Han ◽  
Bum-Kyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Solute Leakage ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyglycerol ◽  
The One

Hyperbranched polyglycerol-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SHPG-MNPs) were functionalized with succinate groups to form a draw solute for use in a forward osmosis (FO). After the one-step synthesis of hyperbranched polyglycerol-coated magnetic nanoparticles (HPG-MNPs), the polyglycerol groups on the surfaces of the HPG-MNPs were functionalized with succinic anhydride moieties. The resulting SHPG-MNPs showed no change of size and magnetic property compared with HPGMNPs and displayed excellent dispersibility in water up to the concentration of 400 g/L. SHPG-MNPs solution showed higher osmotic pressure than that of HPG-MNPs solution due to the presence of surface carboxyl groups in SHPG-MNPs and could draw water from a feed solution across an FO membrane without any reverse draw solute leakage during FO process. Moreover, the water flux remained nearly constant over several SHPG-MNP darw solute regeneration cycles applied to the ultrafiltration (UF) process. The SHPG-MNPs demonstrate strong potential for use as a draw solute in FO processes.

scholarly journals Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as Draw Solute in Forward Osmosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4031-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Man Yang ◽  
Bum-Kyoung Seo ◽  
Kune-Woo Lee ◽  
Jei-Kwon Moon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyglycerol

scholarly journals Synthesis of Poly-Sodium-Acrylate (PSA)-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Use in Forward Osmosis Draw Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Ban ◽  
Sabina Markuš ◽  
Sašo Gyergyek ◽  
Miha Drofenik ◽  
Jasmina Korenak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sodium Acrylate ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Magnetite Phase

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic poly-sodium-acrylate (PSA) ligands was studied to assess PSA-MNP complexes as draw solution (DS) solutes in forward osmosis (FO). For MNP-based DS, the surface modification and the size of the MNPs are two crucial factors to achieve a high osmolality. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) with functional groups attached may represent the ideal DS where chemical modifications of the NPs can be used in optimizing the DS osmolality and the magnetic properties allows for efficient recovery (DS re-concentration) using an external magnetic field. In this study MNPs with diameters of 4 nm have been prepared by controlled chemical co-precipitation of magnetite phase from aqueous solutions containing suitable salts of Fe2+ and Fe3+ under inert atmosphere and a pure magnetite phase could be verified by X-ray diffraction. Magnetic colloid suspensions containing PSA-coated MNPs with three different molar ratios of PSA:MNP = 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 were prepared and assessed in terms of osmotic pressure, aggregation propensity and magnetization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of PSA on coated MNPs and pristine PSA-MNPs with a molar ratio PSA:MNP = 1:1 exhibited an osmotic pressure of 30 bar. Molar ratios of PSA:MNP = 1:2 and 1:3 lead to the formation of less stabile magnetic colloid solutions, which led to the formation of aggregates with larger average hydrodynamic sizes and modest osmotic pressures (5.5 bar and 0.2 bar, respectively). After purification with ultrafiltration, the 1:1 nanoparticles exhibited an osmotic pressure of 9 bar with no aggregation and a sufficient magnetization of 25 emu/g to allow for DS regeneration using an external magnetic field. However, it was observed that the amount of PSA molecules attached to the MNPs decreased during DS recycling steps, leaving only strong chelate-bonded core-shell PSA as coating on the MNPs. This demonstrates the crucial role of MNP coating robustness in designing an efficient MNP-based DS for FO.

Use of synthesized hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) in forward osmosis for water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Mishra ◽  
Sudipta Ramola ◽  
Anil Kumar Shankhwar ◽  
R. K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Metal Precursor

Forward osmosis (FO) is attracting worldwide attention as an emerging technology in the fields of power generation, water reuse, desalination, pharmaceuticals and food processing. Still, the critical challenge of finding a suitable draw solute for FO persists. Therefore the current research focuses on synthesizing hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) and systematically investigating their potential as draw solutes. HMNPs were synthesized using functional groups polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). These functional groups under different ratios with a metal precursor react by one-pot polyol and thermal decomposition methods respectively to give different diameter HMNPs. In addition the effect of different sizes of synthesized HMNPs was investigated for their recovery under an external magnetic field and reusability in FO performance. The physical properties and chemical compositions of the resultant MNPs are fully characterized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show the characteristics as spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution, and a mean size from 9 to 32.5 nm for PEG and 8 to 30 nm for PAA coated HMNPs depending on the ratio of the functional group and metal precursor. The PEG and PAA layer on the MNPs is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates a hydrophilic surface composition. The PEG and PAA coated HMNPs generate high osmotic pressures and exhibit good dispersibility in aqueous solutions. Water fluxes of >13 L m−2 h−1 are achieved across Hydration Technologies Inc. flat sheet membranes at a concentration of 0.05 M of HMNPs using deionized water as the feed solution. The HMNPs can be easily recaptured from draw solutions by applying an external magnetic field and recycling them back as draw solute in the FO process. The MNPs remain active after nine runs of recycling but with a total water flux decrease of 5% in PEG and 3% with each successive recycling due to slight aggregation, and reduced surface to volume ratio is observed. Results of the present study have demonstrated that PEG and PAA coated HMNPs can viewed as promising and potential draw solutes in the FO process.

Engineering of size-controlled magnetic nanoparticles for use as a draw solution in a forward osmosis process

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Guizani ◽  
Megumi Saito ◽  
Ryusei Ito ◽  
Naoyuki Funamizu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Size Controlled
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