scholarly journals DPP-4 Inhibitors and Fat Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Ametov ◽  
Dinara G. Gusenbekova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fat Metabolism

312-OR: Gender-Specific Effects on Hepatic Fat Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes before and after Remission

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 312-OR
Author(s):  
AHMAD AL-MRABEH ◽  
SHADEN MELHEM ◽  
SVIATLANA V. ZHYZHNEUSKAYA ◽  
CARL PETERS ◽  
ALISON C. BARNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Gender Specific

Imatinib Mesylate Induced Reversal of Leukemic Gene Phenotype in HL60 Cells Coincides with Stimulation of Oxidative Metabolism.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4190-4190
Author(s):  
Michael Pfeilstocker ◽  
Peter Wihlidal ◽  
Franz Varga ◽  
Elisabeth Pittermann ◽  
Heidrun Karlic
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Imatinib Mesylate ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fold Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Besides blockade of tyrosine kinases such as c-kit, Imatinib mesylate (IM) regulates glucose flux through downregulation of GLUT-1 transporters in human leukemia cells. This mechanism has the potential to induce regression of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia as observed in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or hypereosinophilic syndrome. In addition, there is a stimulatory effect of IM on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Its synergism with retinoic acid or low dose Ara-C is applied in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, the AML-derived c-kit positive cell line HL60 was chosen for studying the effect of IM on expression of genes associated with differentiation and metabolism. We analysed the possible feedback on transcription factors (AML1 and AML3) and consequences regarding differentiation and metabolism - associated genes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analyses revealed that IM treatment of HL60 cells downregulates mRNA synthesis of AML1 and AML3 by 70% without affecting transcription of the c-abl tyrosine kinase. IM reduces expression of CD34 mRNA from 20% to 6% of the housekeeping gene G6PD. The appearance of differentiated cells was accompanied by a remarkable stimulation of mRNAs from CD11b and CD14 (monocyte markers) reaching 4-fold higher expression levels relative to G6PD. This was associated with an increased proportion of osteocalcin (OCN), which has recently been shown to enhance mitochondrial activity. A 2-fold stimulation of a fat-metabolism associated mitochondrial palmitoyltransferase (CPT1B) and 10-fold stimulation of microsomal carnitine palmitoyltransferase and the carnitine transporter OCTN2 supports previous data indicating an IM-associated stimulation of oxidative metabolism resulting in a regression of type-2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Our current investigations show that IM-associated attenuation of cell proliferation inhibited transcription factors AML1 and AML3 and triggered differentiation in the leukemic cell line HL60, as reflected by altered mRNA expression of surface marker genes. The IM - induced stimulation of lipid metabolism in HL60 confirms previous data indicating a reversal of the Warburg effect in K562 cells without cytocidal activity. This indicates a similar mechanism as known for other drugs and strategies targeting glucose or fat metabolism, which are discussed in the context of cancer prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglin Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Ye ◽  
Xiaotong Zhu ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
Ping Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Adipocyte Precursor

Obesity is a serious health challenge worldwide and is associated with various comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Developing effective strategies to prevent obesity is therefore of paramount importance. One potential strategy to reduce obesity is to consume calcium, which has been implicated to be involved in reducing body weight/fat. In this review, we compile the evidence for the anti-obesity roles of calcium in cells, animals, and humans. In addition, we summarize the possible anti-obesity mechanisms of calcium, including regulation of (a) adipogenesis, (b) fat metabolism, (c) adipocyte (precursor) proliferation and apoptosis, (d) thermogenesis, (e) fat absorption and excretion, and (f) gut microbiota. Although the exact anti-obesity roles of calcium in different subjects and how calcium induces the proposed anti-obesity mechanisms need to be further investigated, the current evidence demonstrates the anti-obesity effects of calcium and suggests the potential application of dietary calcium for prevention of obesity.

scholarly journals Plant-based food supplement developing and studying its role in optimizing carbohydrate and fat metabolism of people with diabetes under conditions of agriculture digitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
M.I. Kalimullin ◽  
S.S. Sadi ◽  
B. Tokhiriyon ◽  
V.M. Poznyakovsky ◽  
S.S. Andrievskikh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Tablet Hardness

Under conditions of digital economy, in particular, agriculture and food industry, specialized food products, including biologically active food supplements produced from natural raw materials, are increasingly used to improve nutrition and health, and to maintain quality of life. These products are affordable and efficient in coping with metabolism disorders caused by different diseases. Taking all these factors into account the authors developed a pant-based food supplement aimed at improving metabolism of people with type 2 diabetes. The composition of this specialized product is scientifically based in terms of its ingredients and their active substances biochemical and synergetic properties. The innovative production technology of this biologically active food supplement involves pressing its main ingredients and auxiliary substances into tablets. The tablet form provides accurate dosage, convenient packaging and storage, reliable film coating, which ensures tablet hardness and protection from aggressive exposure. The food supplement properties have been determined, including its nutritional value and functional properties. One tablet includes: ascorbic acid – 8.6 mg, chromium -0.1mg, zinc – 2.3 mg, flavonoids – 10mg, tannins – 20 mg, manganese – 0.8mg. Clinical trials proved the supplement efficacy and functional properties. People with type 2 diabetes took 1 tablet of phyto-complex twice a day alongside sugar-lowering drugs. After one month they demonstrated lower levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as better overall health and lower body mass index. The obtained data clearly indicate better pancreas functions, improved microcirculation, carbohydrate and fat metabolism normalizing. The article also provides recommendations of the supplement intake for people with type 2 diabetes and glucose tolerance disorders.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Action of Metformin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Abdulla Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output

Metformin is the first-choice drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes notably those associated with obesity. It does not only reduce hyperglycemia, but also possesses pleiotropic effects opening the pave for numerous potential clinical applications. In this chapter we illustrate the various mechanisms of metformin action in reduction of hepatic glucose output, improvement of insulin action, restoration of fat metabolism and gut microbiome, reduction of inflammation, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and attenuation of tumor growth. Understanding of such mechanisms might propose further clinical applications for metformin.

scholarly journals Effects of Pioglitazone on Intramyocellular Fat Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1916-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Bajaj ◽  
Rais Baig ◽  
Swangjit Suraamornkul ◽  
Lou Jean Hardies ◽  
Dawn K. Coletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fat Metabolism

scholarly journals PO-294 Effects of HIIT on FTO protein expression and its relationship with glucose and fat metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Jiayan Duan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fat Metabolism

Objective FTO (Fat mass and obesity-associated) is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes incurrence. Studies have shown that the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is related to the oxidation rate of whole body substrate. With the increase of age, the body's carbohydrate oxidation rate decreases, the fat oxidation rate increases, and at the meanwhile the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle decreases and that in adipose increases. HIIT is very helpful for inhibiting obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HIIT exercise on the expression of FTO protein in rats and its relationship to glucose and fat metabolism. Methods 20 Male, 3-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, each group has 10 rats. C group: sedentary; HIIT group: high-intensity intermittent training group (85% ~ 90% VO2max exercise for 6min, 50% VO2max exercise interval 4min, repeated 6 times. 5 times/week ,4 weeks). All subjects were maintained in a free facility with constant temperature of 25°C, light-dark cycle of 12/12 h and free access to water. 48 hours after the last exercise, all samples were taken with an overnight fast. The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was measured by Western Blot. Serum insulin was tested by ELISA; Estimation of blood glucose was tested by Glucose oxidase method. Results 1.The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle was significantly higher than that of group C (P <0.01); The expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue of HIIT group was significantly lower than that of group C (P <0.05); 2. Serum insulin levels of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01); And the blood glucose of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01). 3. Serum LDL-C of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01), and serum HDL-C of group HIIT was significantly higher than that of group C (p <0.01);4. Correlation analysis showed that serum insulin level was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle FTO protein expression (R = -0.454, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum LDL-C levels was positively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=0.559, p < 0.05) and serum HDL-C levels was negatively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=-0.474, p < 0.05). Conclusions 1. HIIT can increase the protein expression of FTO in rat skeletal muscle and decrease the expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue; 2. HIIT can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in rats; 3. The regulation of glucose metabolism by HIIT may be related to the increase of FTO protein expression in skeletal muscle. The regulation of lipid metabolism may be related to the reduction of FTO protein expression in adipose tissue.

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