scholarly journals Levels of Radon Activity Concentration and Gamma Dose Rate in Air of Coal Mines in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Radon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zejnil Tresnjo ◽  
Jasmin Adrovic ◽  
Ema Hankic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Radon Activity

Activation of the human body exposed to high radon activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Golias
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Uranium Mines ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Bad Gastein

<p>Radon is newly considered a risk factor for lung cancer. Traditionally, radon is used as a curative in spa. One way of balneation is radon inhalation in mines (eg Bad Gastein in Austria and Boulder mine in USA), where patients are exposed for several tens of minutes to hours to air activity in the order 10^3 to 10^4 Bq m-3 222Rn. Even higher activities can be found in abandoned uranium mines, often in the order 10^4 to 10^5 Bq m-3 222Rn in the poorly ventilated parts. These underground spaces are often visited by mineral collectors and montanists. In two abandoned uranium mines, the progression of surface beta activity of hair during the stay was monitored and the value and shape of the gamma dose-rate field was measured immediately after mine leaving.</p><p>Beta activity increases irregularly, due to the walking between areas with a different radon activity. The highest surface beta activity of hairs was at the end of the stay, with a maximum of 320 Bq cm-2. After leaving the mine, activity decreases exponentially with an effective half-life of about half an hour. Gamma activity was measured after a two-hour stay in an environment with radon activities ranging from 3.7*10^4 to 2.3*10^5 Bq m-3. The gamma field has the shape of a human figure. Especially the lungs and abdominal fat showed increased gamma. The highest gamma dose-rate was measured on hairs, up to 9 µGy h-1. Thus, a combination of surface activation, Rn-product deposition in the lungs, and dissolution of radon in the blood and its redistribution in the body were observed.</p>

Radiation Situation in Workplaces of the Personnel at the Ground Facilities of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Шандала ◽  
N. Shandala ◽  
А. Маренный ◽  
A. Marennyy ◽  
Д. Исаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Balance Factor ◽  
Chemical Association

Purpose: To obtain data of radiation survey in workplaces of the personnel of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association (OJSC PPMCA), who work at the premises of the ground facilities. Material and methods: In the course of the radiation survey. Integral track methods were used to measure radon activity concentration by REI-1 track cameras of the TRACK-REI-1M kit. To assess the activity balance factor between radon and its radionuclide progenies, short term measurements of radon activity concentration (AC) and effective equilibrium concentration (EEC) of radon by handle radiometers of radon and its progenies. Gamma dose rate was measured by handle dosimeters. Results: Annual AC, EEC and effective dose due to radon and external gamma exposures in workplaces at the ground facilities of OJSC PPMCA have been obtained. Total number of the inspected workshops is 138, including 121 workshops occupied by the A group personnel, and 17 – by the B group personnel. Conclusions: It was shown that annual doses 20 mSv could be exceeded for the A group personnel who work at three workshops shaft 8K of the mine-2, one workshop of building 630A of the Hydro-metallurgical Plant and one workshop of shaft 5 B of G mine. In the workshops of the B group personnel, 5 mSv annual effective doses can be exceeded 2 and more times at the premises of canteen number 18 and administrative domestic building of mine-2.

scholarly journals Measurement of radioactivity in an elevated radiation background area of Western Ghats

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Manigandan ◽  
Chandar Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Background Area

As part of monitoring the exposure of the general public to natural radioactivity, the activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil samples in an elevated radiation background area of Western Ghats was determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Average values of the activity concentration of radionuclides, outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent and radiation hazard indices from soil activity were estimated. The activity concentrations of 232Th and average outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate were found to be higher than the world average, possibly affecting the Western Ghats environment in general. Therefore, radiological risks to the general population from ionizing radiation from the naturally occurring radionuclides in the soil are considered to be significant. How- ever, other radiological hazard indices were found to be within permissible limits.

scholarly journals Inter-calibration of gamma dose rate detectors on the European scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Stöhlker ◽  
M. Bleher ◽  
T. Szegvary ◽  
F. Conen
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate

Primary Shielding Design for an Optimized Molten Salt Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaobin Xia ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Changyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Molten Salt Reactor ◽  
Thermal Shield ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shielding Design

Molten salt reactor (MSR) system, a candidate of the Generation IV reactors, has inherent safety, on-line refueling and good neutron economy as typical advantages. An optimized MSR is developed by changing the size of fuel channel and the graphite-to-molten salt volume radio, based on the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), which was originally developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In this paper, shielding calculations for the optimized MSR are presented. The goal of this study is to determine the necessary shielding to decrease the neutron and gamma dose rate to the acceptable level according to national regulations. The operating temperature of the optimized MSR is designed in the range of 500 °C–700 °C, heat removal is also considered in the shielding design. The shielding calculations are carried out by using Monte Carlo method. The shielding system of the optimized MSR consists of 7 zones: the core, the core can, the reactor vessel, the thermal shield, the reactor cell containment, the shield tank and the concrete wall. The combinations of shielding materials in the thermal shield were evaluated. The thermal shield filled with carbon steel balls and circulating water gets an excellent shielding performance and heat removing effects. The neutron spectra and dose distributions, as well as the energy deposition over different shields have been analyzed. The total neutron dose rate outside the thermal shield is attenuated by a factor of about 104, and the gamma dose rate by a factor of about 103. These results show that the shielding design could low dose rate to an acceptable level outside the shielding and far below dose limit required.

Harmonized radon data in the European Atlas of Natural Radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Cinelli ◽  
Peter Bossew ◽  
Marc De Cort ◽  
Valeria Gruber ◽  
Tore Tollefsen
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Natural Sources

<p>As the scientific and knowledge service of the European Commission, the mission of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) is to support EU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle. In particular, the JRC provides this support to the Directorate General for Energy by collecting, evaluating and reporting artificial environmental radioactivity measurements both for routine (REM database) and emergency preparedness (European Radiological Data Exchange Platform) purposes.<br>However, with the exception of potential large scale nuclear accidents, natural ionizing radiation is the largest contributor to the collective effective dose received by the world population. To gain a clearer overview of the natural sources of radioactivity, the JRC launched the European Atlas of Natural Radiation with the aim to provide insight into geographical variability of exposure components and their relative importance for total exposure to ionizing radiation.</p><p>The Atlas presents contributions from 100 experts in various fields, from 60 institutions such as universities, research centres, national and European authorities, and international organizations. In the first place, this Atlas aims to provide reference values and generate harmonised data for the scientific community and national competent authorities. It also offers an opportunity to the public to become familiar with the radioactive part of its natural environment. Intended as an encyclopaedia on natural radioactivity, the Atlas explains its different sources, i.e. cosmic and terrestrial radiation, and describes the current state-of-the art of knowledge by means of text, graphics and maps.</p><p>Being responsible for half of the natural dose, particular attention has been given to indoor radon, of which over one million measurements of long-term indoor radon concentration in ground-floor rooms of dwellings from 36 European countries were collected and aggregated as means within 10 km × 10 km grid cells. The updated version of the European Indoor Radon Map (December 2020) will be presented as well as the statistical analysis of the input data.</p><p>Geogenic Radon Potential and Geogenic Radon Hazard Index quantify the contribution of geogenic to indoor radon and are constructed using geogenic quantities, such as uranium concentrations in the ground, geology, soil permeability, soil radon concentration and terrestrial gamma dose rate.<br>Therefore, it was decided to focus the Atlas on the development of maps that display natural sources of radiation and also serve as quantities which predict geogenic radon. Maps of uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in soil, covering most European countries, were created, while maps of uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in bedrock are only available for some countries. A methodology for estimating the terrestrial gamma dose rate (based on ambient dose equivalent rate measurements) has been established, while the European terrestrial gamma dose rate map has been created using uranium, thorium and potassium concentration in soil. The practical use of the maps of the Atlas as geogenic quantities will be illustrated through different examples of scientific studies.</p><p>The Atlas is available in digital format and can be ordered as a printed version at https://remon.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ .</p><p> </p>

ASSESSMENT OF RADON AND THORON EXHALATION FROM SOILS AND DISSOLVED RADON IN GROUND WATER IN THE VICINITY OF ELEVATED GRANITIC HILL, CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
C G Poojitha ◽  
B K Sahoo ◽  
K E Ganesh ◽  
T S Pranesha ◽  
B K Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Activity Measurements

Abstract In this paper, we intend to evaluate the rate of radon and thoron exhalation from soil with reference to the underlying bedrock and gamma dose rate in the environment of elevated granitic hill—Nandi hills of Karnataka. The measurement of exhalation rates for all the soil samples collected from study area was carried out using a continuous radon–thoron monitor (Smart RnDuo monitor). The surface exhalation rate of thoron from soil samples were found to vary from 4160 ± 326 to 21 822 ± 634 mBq m−2 s−1. The mass exhalation rate of radon from soil samples were found to vary from 76 ± 6 to 269 ± 19 mBq kg−1 h−1. Concentrations of radon activity measurements were carried out for all the groundwater samples from study area. A detailed analysis along with physicochemical parameters of water has been made and discussed in this research paper.

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