scholarly journals Cervical Cancer, a Sequela of a Sexually Transmitted Infection: The Human Papillomavirus Infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamunomie K Nyengidiki ◽  
Goddy Bassey ◽  
Ikechukwu Durugbo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Male Population Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Service

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Elena Álvarez-Argüelles ◽  
Santiago Melón ◽  
Maria Luisa Junquera ◽  
Jose Antonio Boga ◽  
Laura Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

scholarly journals US study finds that consistent condom use protects against genital human papillomavirus infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Savage ◽  
C M Lowndes
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection and it is estimated that at least 50%

Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
pp. 930-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schiffman ◽  
Philip E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections and Male Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ISRN Urology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Van Howe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Simplex Virus

The claim that circumcision reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections has been repeated so frequently that many believe it is true. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed on studies of genital discharge syndrome versus genital ulcerative disease, genital discharge syndrome, nonspecific urethritis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital ulcerative disease, chancroid, syphilis, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and contracting a sexually transmitted infection of any type. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus are not significantly impacted by circumcision. Syphilis showed mixed results with studies of prevalence suggesting intact men were at great risk and studies of incidence suggesting the opposite. Intact men appear to be of greater risk for genital ulcerative disease while at lower risk for genital discharge syndrome, nonspecific urethritis, genital warts, and the overall risk of any sexually transmitted infection. In studies of general populations, there is no clear or consistent positive impact of circumcision on the risk of individual sexually transmitted infections. Consequently, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections cannot rationally be interpreted as a benefit of circumcision, and any policy of circumcision for the general population to prevent sexually transmitted infections is not supported by the evidence in the medical literature.

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