scholarly journals Understanding / Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Fukao
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Process ◽  
Self Disorder

“Understanding” in Jaspers’ sense is the essential concept for defining psychosis, although its relationship is paradoxical, that is, psychosis is defined by un-understandability or inability to understand. Un-understandability means the inability of empathizing with the patient’s mind and implies the existence of a pathological process in the patient’s brain. The pivotal concept which makes psychotic patients be judged as irresponsible in forensic cases is disturbed self-understanding or un-understandability of their own intentions. It is suggested that self-disorder representing psychosis might be based on disturbed self-understanding.

Morphological features of endo- and myometrium in patients with uterine leiomyoma and infertility

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Flaksenberg ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Blastocyst Implantation

The objective: determination of morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Materials and methods. In order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease, morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility were determined. Thirty samples of leiomyomatous nodes and endometrium were examined, among which 15 were obtained from women with multiple uterine leiomyoma and infertility and 15 samples from women with uterine leiomyoma with isolated uterine leiomyoma. During the study, a general-histological method was used for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuxin by van Gizon, as well as immunohistochemical methods. Histological examination of the endometrium was performed according to conventional protocol, taking into account the day of the menstrual cycle and R.W. Noyes criteria. Results. In the morphological examination of leiomyomatous nodes in the vast majority of cases the presence of uterine leiomyomas of simple and cell types or their combination was established. In women with multiple uterine leiomyoma, simple-type leiomyoma (53.3%) was predominant, and in patients with isolated leiomyoma the signs of cellular uterine leiomyoma (66.7%) were more frequently found. In 80.0% of women with uterine leiomyoma revealed pathology of the endometrium, such as glandular and glandular-fibrous polyps, simple and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which confirms the theory about the only pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence of hyperplastic processes of female organs. In 66.7% of women with multiple leiomyomas, signs of chronic endometritis have been found, which exacerbates the pathological process and can have a negative impact on the reproductive function, such as secretory endometrial transformation and impaired blastocyst implantation, and explains a much higher percentage of infertility in the group. Conclusion. In women with impaired reproductive function, patients with uterine leiomyoma, it is necessary to conduct a study of the receptivity of the reproductive organs, namely - the endometrium and leiomatous nodes. This will make it possible to use one or another method of treatment in order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Keywords: infertility, uterine leiomyoma, endometrium, receptive apparatus.

METHODS FOR SIMULATION OF ACUTE BRAIN ISCHEMIA: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SELECTION AND IMPORTANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Б.И. Гельцер ◽  
Э.В. Слабенко ◽  
Ю.В. Заяц ◽  
В.Н. Котельников
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Actual Clinical Practice ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Acute Brain Ischemia

Одним из основных требований к разработке экспериментальных моделей цереброваскулярных заболеваний является их максимальная приближенность к реальной клинической практике. В работе систематизированы данные по основным методам моделирования острой ишемии головного мозга (ОИГМ), представлена их классификация, анализируются данные о преимуществах и недостатках той или иной модели. Обсуждаются результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению патогенеза ОИГМ с использованием различных моделей (полной и неполной глобальной, локальной и мультифокальной ишемии) и способов их реализации (перевязка артерий, клипирование, коагуляция, эмболизация и др.). Особое внимание уделяется «стабильности» последствий острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения: необратимых ишемических повреждений головного мозга или обратимых с реперфузией заданной продолжительности. Отмечается, что важное значение в этих исследованиях должно принадлежать современным методам прижизненной визуализации очагов острого ишемического повреждения, что позволяет оценивать динамику патологического процесса. Предлагаемый метод отвечает требованиям гуманного обращения с животными. Подчеркивается, что выбор релевантной модели ОИГМ определяется задачами предстоящего исследования и технологическими ресурсами научной лаборатории. Development of experimental models for acute forms of cerebrovascular diseases is essential for implementation of methods for their prevention and treatment. One of the principal requirements to such models is their maximum approximation to actual clinical practice. This review systematized major models of acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), their classification, and presented information about their advantages and shortcomings. Also, the review presented results of experimental studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of different types of modeled ACI (complete and incomplete global, local, and multifocal ischemia) and methods for creating these models (arterial ligation, clipping, coagulation, embolization, etc.). Particular attention was paid to “stability” of the consequences of acutely impaired cerebral circulation - an irreversible ischemic brain injury or a reversible injury with reperfusion of a given duration. The authors emphasized that in such studies, a special significance should be given to intravital imaging of acute ischemic damage foci using modern methods, which allow assessing the dynamics of the pathological process and meet the requirements to humane treatment of animals. The choice of a relevant ACI model is determined by objectives of the planned study and the technological resources available at the research laboratory.

Correlation between the Types of Myoma and the Pathological Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
A. K. Magdenko ◽  
◽  
I. V. Savytskyi ◽  
O. O. Zelynskyi ◽  
I. V. Miastkivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Process

CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN DISEASE DURING THE STAGES OF REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Rano Azizova ◽  
◽  
Umida Shamsiyeva ◽  
Mirzohid Turabbayev ◽  
Begzod Jorayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain disease (TBHD) is a pathological process triggered by the damaging effect of mechanical energy on the brain and is characterized — with a variety of clinical forms — by the unity of etiology, pathogenetic and sanogenetic mechanisms of development and outcomes.

COLOUR FILTERS APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSTICS SOME PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
A. G. Belova ◽  
E. V. Zimina ◽  
N. P. Simbirtsev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
High Reflectivity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Green Background

During a pathoanatomic autopsy, it is very important to correctly assess the color change of the organs. However, it is not always clear because the color depends on the spectrum of the incident light. There is also a subjective assessment of color. In addition, in animals with large amounts of circulating blood, for example, dogs, early imbibition occurs, which makes it difficult to assess the color of the organ and pathoanatomical diagnosis. We have proposed a simple and visual method of recognition of two pathological processes – inflammation and edema using colored filters. This technique also allows to accurately differentiate inflammation from postmortem imbibition, to recognize fibrin and hemorrhage well. Postmortem examination of different types of animals (predacious families of mustelids, canids, felids) was performed in accordance with Shore’s method in the prosectorium of the Pathonomy Department, K.I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology visual analysis – under various artificial lights (fluorescent lamps with banded spectrum and halogen lamps). In the red filter are well identified the pathological processes associated with the venous blood presence in the tissues (venous hyperemia and pulmonary edema). The focus of venous hyperemia or edema in the red filter looks like a dark zone, and tissues, where arterial bloods predominated, aren’t detected in red filter. In the yellow – green filter the inflammation is clearly detected: the zone is brightly red and surrounding tissues become dark. Red colour filters have rather narrow band of transmittance from 600 to 700 nm. Yellow-green have a width zone – from 500 to 700 nm, including both red, and yellow-green part of spectrum. Oxidized hemoglobin in red part of spectrum absorbs ten time weaker, has more high reflectivity and looks red. Surrounding tissues reflect the red rays, which incident on them also red. Therefore, the zone of edema, venous hyperemia and hemorrhaging, containing venous blood, are detected the dark spot, and inflammation zone merges with the red background. Oxidized hemoglobin in the red spectrum part absorbs ten time weaker than reduced hemoglobin, has high reflectivity of the red spectrum part and looks brightly red, surrounding tissues reflect yellow-green spectrum part and look green. Therefore, the zones of inflammation, active hyperemia and hemorrhaging, containing arterial blood, sharp contrast with green background and are clearly visible. Diagnoses made with the help of color filters are confirmed by histological studies.

Is COVID-19 a Systemic or Local Pathological Process?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Zamaro ◽  
Vladimir Kulchitsky
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Process

Problems on prenatal diagnosis of kidneys duplication in the embryogenesis view

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Osadshaya, O.A. Grammatikova, E.D. Lutaya et all
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Urinary System

In this article we consider the most crucial stages of the embryology of the urinary system, which help to explain the mechanisms of duplication of the kidneys (complete/incomplete) and other forms of the urinary system development abnormalities. We report on our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of duplication of the kidneys in two fetuses. These cases represent dynamics and variability of the pathological process.

CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID EXCHANGE CHANGES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN COMBINATION WITH OBESITY USING ADEMETHIONINE, ARGININE GLUTAMATE AND ROSUVASTATIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
N. R. Matkovska ◽  
N. H. Virstiuk ◽  
I. O. Kostitska
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage ◽  
Basic Treatment

Abstract. In Ukraine, among the causes of death because of digestive tract diseases, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has the second place. Due to the significant prevalence of obesity and the growing incidence of ALD, methods are being sought to prevent the progression of the pathological process in the liver, the occurrence of complications and to improve the quality of life of such patients. The aim of the study: to examine the effect of complex treatment with ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin on changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in combination with obesity. Methods. The study included 156 patients diagnosed with ALC in combination with obesity, including 18 women and 138 men aged (45.3±8.9) years and a median duration of disease (5.1±2.8) years. Patients were divided into subgroups depending on the stage of Child-Pugh decompensation and depending on the applied treatment. Results. At the stage of decompensation, lipid metabolism and leptin levels were low, which indicates the depletion of body fat depots as the disease progresses. It may be due to the progression of the liver dysfunction, as it is actively involved in regulating the formation, destruction and accumulation of fats. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with ALC in combination with obesity were characterized by a significant increase in IRI, HOMA-IR index and a decrease in the QUICKI index, indicating the presence of insulin resistance (p<0.05). In determining the adipocytokine values, it was found that in decompensated liver function, the leptin rates decreased and the levels of adiponectin increased. Higher leptin content in the stage of compensation and subcompensation is also associated with increased secretion of adipose tissue. At the stage of decompensation, fat depots are depleted, so leptin levels are reduced. This decrease is directly related to the Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Adiponectin levels were decreased in the stage of compensation and increased with the progression of the disease and correlated with disease severity and the MELD score. It is thought that an increased adiponectin level indicates the level of anti-inflammatory reaction in response to hepatocyte damage. Significant deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin in patients receiving basic treatment was accompanied by deterioration of their condition and increased the risk of 3-month mortality. After the course of treatment in patients of group receiving ademethionine, arginine, glutamate and rosuvastatin at the stage of compensation and subcompensation, the rates of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, adiponectin and leptin significantly improved and differed from those in patients receiving basic treatment and combination of basic treatment, ademethionine and arginine glutamate (p<0.05). At the stage of decompensation in the scheme with the inclusion of rosuvastatin it was possible to normalize the levels of HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, atherogenic coefficient and leptin, reduce the levels of adiponectin, IRI, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and increase the QUICKI index, which was accompanied by a decrease in Child-Pugh severity score and 3 month mortality MELD score. Conclusions. In patients with ALC in combination with obesity, the inclusion in the treatment of ademethionine, arginine glutamate and rosuvastatin helps to improve the course of the disease according to the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, Child-Pugh and MELD scores.

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