scholarly journals Cerebrovascular Disease and Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep Singh Sidhu ◽  
Sumandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cerebral Diseases ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Systemic hypertension is a major public health problem, nearly affecting one-third of the global adult population. It is the leading modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, renal dysfunction, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Human brain is one of the most important target organs for hypertension related end-organ damage. Two major categories of hypertension related cerebral diseases include stroke and dementia, which are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Large body of clinical evidence has shown that adequate control of elevated blood pressures (BPs) could be a very effective tool in reducing the incidence and prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases. In the following sections, we discuss the role of hypertension in the causation of cerebrovascular disease along with the preventive and therapeutic strategies for the same.

Peripheral arterial disease and Virchow’s triad

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (06) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bennett ◽  
Stanley Silverman ◽  
Paramjit Gill ◽  
Gregory Lip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

SummaryPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important global health-care problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This disease is an important manifestation of atherosclerosis and the pathophysiological processes involved in its development, progression and complications are atherothrombosis and thromboembolism. Over 150 years ago, Virchow described a triad of abnormalities (abnormal blood flow, abnormal vessel wall and abnormal blood constituents) associated with thrombus formation (thrombogenesis). An improvement in biochemical techniques has allowed quantification of various components of Virchow’s triad, and as a consequence, there has been increasing interest in the measurement of such biomarkers in understanding the development and progression of PAD, as well as its symptomatic complications. This review discusses quantifiable components of Virchow’s triad that have been associated with PAD and their clinical utility as risk factors for PAD.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among adult urban population of Puducherry

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3265
Author(s):  
Murugan N. ◽  
Amit Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ramesh Chand Chauhan ◽  
Velavan A.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Study Population

Background: A large proportion of population in the community with psychological distress goes unnoticed. This study was done to assess the psychological distress among adult population of an urban area of Puducherry.Methods: The study was conducted among 569 individuals of age 18 years and above. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the households in the study area and from each household one adult was randomly selected. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used to assess the psychological distress among the study participants.Results: Majority of the participants had low psychological distress (60.5%) followed by typical (19.3%), more than typical (10%), evidence of psychological distress (6.2%) & severe distress (4%). One-fifth (20.2%) of the participants had psychological distress which needs attention. The mental health status of the participants was significantly associated with the age, sex, marital status, religion and education (p<0.05).Conclusions: The psychological distress is a major public health problem in the study population. Focused interventions to improve the mental health of population are required to decrease the mental distress in the community. 

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular Disease and Statins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Beltrán Romero ◽  
Antonio J. Vallejo-Vaz ◽  
Ovidio Muñiz Grijalvo
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a causal factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); accordingly, LDL-C lowering is associated with a decreased risk of progression of atherosclerotic plaques and development of complications. Currently, statins play a central role in any ASCVD management and prevention strategies, in relation to their lipid-lowering action and potentially to pleiotropic effects. After coronary artery disease, stroke is the most frequent cause of ASCVD mortality and the leading cause of acquired disability, a major public health problem. There is often a tendency to aggregate all types of stroke (atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, and haemorrhagic), which have, however, different causes and pathophysiology, what may lead to bias when interpreting the results of the studies. Survivors of a first atherothrombotic ischemic stroke are at high risk for coronary events, recurrent stroke, and vascular death. Although epidemiological studies show a weak relationship between cholesterol levels and cerebrovascular disease as a whole compared with other ASCVD types, statin intervention studies have demonstrated a decrease in the risk of stroke in patients with atherosclerosis of other territories and a decrease in all cardiovascular events in patients who have had a stroke. The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial demonstrated the benefit of high doses of atorvastatin in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss the evidence, use and recommendations of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and their role in other scenarios such as the acute phase of ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cardioembolic stroke, small vessel disease, and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fortunato ◽  
Barbara Castagna ◽  
Maria Rita Monteleone ◽  
Raffaela Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: Parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries. A coproparasitological and immunoparasitological study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in the rural village of Touguri, in November and December 2011. The coproparasitologic analysis was conducted in the pediatric population and seroprevalence surveys were conducted in the adult population to research intestinal, blood, and helminth parasites. Methodology: The coproparasitologic study was performed on stool samples using two diagnostic methods – standard microscopy and the FLOTAC technique. The total of 49 stool samples analyzed were obtained from children between two months and eleven years of age. The serology study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of P. falciparum, Echinococcus spp., Tenia solium, and A. lumbricoides using different immunological techniques such as ELISA and Western Blot techniques. The study population included 85 adult patients between 15 and 70 years of age. Results: Results of coproparasitological analyses showed Hymenolepis nana as the only helminth found, in 28.6% of the total number of patients. Results of serological evaluation revealed a practically null prevalence of Echinococcus, Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides, and a 77.64% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: Despite the small number (especially in terms of coprological samples) of individuals examined, this study showed that the parasite prevalence in a rural area of Burkina Faso has a significant impact in the general population, particularly in children. Another finding was that FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity than the widely used ethyl ether-based concentration technique for coprological sample analysis.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Aspects of Vascular Remodeling in Cardiopulmonary Lesions: Influence of ID3 & Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Avecilla ◽  
Mayur Doke
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Inhibitor Of Dna Binding ◽  
The Impact

Cardiopulmonary lesions, which manifest from various types of diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and peripheral arterial disease, pose a public health problem. Vascular remodeling, which refers to alternations to the structure of the vessel is an important pathophysiological feature of these diseases. The Inhibitor of DNA-binding/Differentiation-3 (ID3), which is part of the ID family of transcriptional regulators, has been demonstrated to contribute to an essential role in the vasculature and therefore may influence the alterations of these lesions. This review will cover the existing understanding of how ID3 may contribute to cardiopulmonary lesion perturbations via involvement in vascular remodeling. Furthermore, based on the accumulative quantity of reports that indicate oxidative stress plays a essential function in the pathophysiology of vascular remodeling, we will also consider the impact of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol A (BPA) on ID3 &amp; cardiopulmonary disease. Improved understanding of how ID3 pathways contributes to these molecular mechanisms in the lesion will prospectively deliver beneficial information in the mediation of vascular remodeling associated with ID3 &amp; EED exposure, which may play an essential role in cardiopulmonary disease prevalence.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of Comprehensive screening of general population for hypertension: Can it save money and Life? Systematic review of Pharmacoeconomic Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Davari ◽  
Mende Mensa Sorato ◽  
Shekoufeh Nikfar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Background: Hypertension is one of major modifiable risk factors contributing for development of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease. Silent nature of the disease, delayed presentation of patients to health system after development of significant cardiovascular events and poor access to comprehensive health care are major challenge of hypertension control. Early screening, detection and treatment of hypertension is effective for control of the disease progression. However, there is no robust evidence on whether screening general population for hypertension is cost-effective or not. Therefore, this review was conducted t o generate evidence on cost effectiveness of population-based hypertension screening for asymptomatic individuals as early detection strategy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: PubMed/Medline , Scopus, Web of sciences and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to 11 December 2019. Two investigators independently selected and reviewed fair and good-quality pharmacoeconomic studies for the cost-effectiveness of asymptomatic screening for hypertension in the community. Quality of selected literatures are evaluated by authors based on comprehensive tool developed for critical appraisal of pharmacoeconomic studies. Results: Eleven included Pharmacoeconomic studies reported favorable results for screening asymptomatic adults for hypertension. Most of studies agreed on cost-effectiveness of screening adults aged 40 years and older. Screening of general adult population for hypertension is not-cost effective. Conclusion: Screening population 40 years and older with or without additional risk factors is cost-effective in reducing hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
C. Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
M. Logaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India. 

CLINICO-ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CHRONIC LEG ULCER IN DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY, PATNA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, PATNA, BIHAR.

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Vikas Shankar ◽  
Manadavi Manadavi ◽  
Ayushi Ayushi ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Venous Ulcer ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background:Achronic leg ulcer (CLU) is a signicant public health problem. It has various etiologies. Racial, familial, occupational, and social factors may also have an impact on the prevalence of different causes of leg ulcers. Though there are western data on the epidemiology of leg ulcer, similar data are largely unavailable from our part of the world. Aims:We undertook a study in PMCH, Patna, Bihar, a tertiary care center to determine the clinical and etiological pattern of patients with CLU. Materials And Methods: Hundred consecutive patients presenting with CLU, fullling the criteria, were included after informed consent. Patients were subjected to proper history taking, clinical examination, routine blood test, and pus for culture and sensitivity test (where needed) along with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI). Results: Among the 100 patients, venous ulcer (34%) was predominant followed by arterial ulcer (14%), mixed arterial and venous ulcer (11%). History of smoking (56%) and obesity (BMI >25) (32%) were the common risk factors in leg ulcer patients. Fifty nine percent of the total CLU were infected and out of this, 86.4% showed growth of microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus (39%) was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). Eleven (24.44%) clinically diagnosed venous ulcer patients showed signicantly lower ABI (<0.9) and were diagnosed as mixed ulcer (a venous ulcer with a peripheral arterial disease). Conclusion:Venous ulcer and mixed ulcer are the most common type of CLU

Taking Stock – What Is Known About Suicide in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Pearson ◽  
Anthony B. Zwi ◽  
Amanda K. Rouse ◽  
Ravindra Fernando ◽  
Nicholas A. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Broad Understanding

Background: Suicide is and has been a major public health problem in Sri Lanka and has generated a wide range of literature. Aims: This review aimed to systematically appraise what is known about suicide in Sri Lanka. The patterns and content of articles were examined and recommendations for further research proposed. Method: The paper describes the systematic search, retrieval, and quality assessment of studies. Thematic analysis techniques were applied to the full text of the articles to explore the range and extent of issues covered. Results: Local authors generated a large body of evidence of the problem in early studies. The importance of the method of suicide, suicidal intention, and the high incidence of suicide were identified as key foci for publications. Neglected areas have been policy and health service research, gender analysis, and contextual issues. Conclusion: The literature reviewed has produced a broad understanding of the clinical factors, size of the problem, and social aspects. However, there remains limited evidence of prevention, risk factors, health services, and policy. A wide range of solutions have been proposed, but only regulation of pesticides and improved medical management proved to be effective to date.

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