scholarly journals Peri-Implantitis Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Shatta ◽  
Sukumaran Anil
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Care ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
History Of

Dental implants have become a well-accepted treatment option for patients with partial or complete edentulism. The long-term success of the endosseous dental implant depends not only on osseointegration, but on the healthy soft tissue interface that surrounds the implant. Peri-implantitis is defined as an inflammatory process affecting the supporting hard and soft tissue around an implant in function, leading to loss of supporting bone. Peri-implant mucositis has been defined as a reversible inflammatory reaction in the peri-implant mucosa surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant. Peri-implant mucositis is assumed to precede peri-implantitis. Data indicate that patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis may develop peri-implantitis, especially in the absence of regular maintenance care. However, the features or conditions characterizing the progression from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis in susceptible patients have not been identified. The most common etiological factors associated with the development of peri-implantitis are the presence of bacterial plaque and host response. The risk factors associated with peri-implant bone loss include smoking combined with IL-1 genotype polymorphism, a history of periodontitis, poor compliance with treatment and oral hygiene practices, the presence of systemic diseases affecting healing, cement left behind following cementation of the crowns, lack of keratinized gingiva, and previous history of implant failure There is strong evidence that there is an increased risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients who have a history of severe periodontitis, poor plaque control, and no regular maintenance care after implant therapy. Management of peri-implantitis generally works on the assumption that there is a primary microbial etiology. Furthermore, it is assumed that micro-organisms and/or their by-products lead to infection of the surrounding tissues and subsequent destruction of the alveolar bone surrounding an implant. A combination of surgical, open debridement, and antimicrobial treatment has been advocated for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Surgical intervention is required once a patient has bleeding on probing, greater than 5 mm of probing depth, and severe bone loss beyond that expected with remodeling. Access flaps require full-thickness elevation of the mucoperiosteum, facilitating debridement and decontamination of the implant surface via hand instruments, ultrasonic tips, or lasers. When necessary, surgical procedures may be used in conjunction with detoxification of the implant surface by mechanical devices, such as high-pressure air powder abrasion or laser.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Correlation between Periodontal Status of Teeth Adjacent and Contralateral to Implant with Peri-Implantitis - A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Navneet Kour ◽  
Nadia Irshad Wani ◽  
Parul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Implant Therapy

Background: Previous history of periodontitis associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene are considered as one the risk factor for peri-implantitis which in-turn leads to implant failure. Periodontitis is regarded as the most prevalent infectious diseases with around 75% of adults being affected. A similarity between the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis is as a result of intra-oral translocation of periodontal pathogen from teeth showing periodontitis to the peri-implant niche. Aim: The main aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients suffering from periodontitis. Material and Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in the department of periodontology on 30 patients suffering from periodontitis and with dental implant insertions. In all the patients, periodontal and bone conditions were evaluated. Probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment levels, and radiographic bone loss was calculated around the implants, adjacent teeth and contra- lateral teeth to evaluate correlation between periodontitis and implant failures. Results: On evaluation of results with 30 patients, periodontal depth, clinical attachment levels, and gingival recession showed statistically significant around implants when compared with the periodontal parameters around the adjacent teeth and contra-lateral teeth. Non significant results were obtained when radiographic bone loss was evaluated. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that dental implant therapy is strongly affected by the periodontal health and health of adjacent teeth plays an important role in determining the failure or success of the implant while contra-lateral teeth have no or minimal relationship between periodontitis and implant failure. Keywords: Implant, Oral Health, Peri-Implantitis, Periodontitis, Translocation.

A Rare Case of Spinal Leprosy Mimicking Spinal Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
K Thuraikumar ◽  
V Naveen ◽  
Mustaqim A ◽  
Arieff AA ◽  
K Shri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Posterior Instrumentation ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Paravertebral Abscess ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonar y tuberculosis. A combination of leprosy and tuberculosis is a rare entity.Case report: A 44-year-old male patient working as a laborer presented to our hospital with complaints of severe back pain and swelling over the back, difficulty in walking, associated with constitutional symptoms. On admission, he was febrile and had leukocytosis. Initial spine X-ray showed end plate destruction and increase in soft tissue shadow at the level of T8-T9. CT spine revealed thoracic paravertebral collection extending from T7 to T9 levels, suggest ive of tuberculous spondylitis with cold abscess. Patient refused a transpedicular biopsy and was started on anti-tubercular therapy. Two weeks after commencement of treatment, he developed worsening back pain and weakness of the lower extremities. MRI spine showed a paravertebral abscess and posterior soft tissue edema involving level of T7 to T11. Patient underwent a posterior decompression, debridement and posterior instrumentation. He was discharged well, there was improvement of his lower limb power. Upon clinic review, he complained of multiple hyperpigmented, painless, nonpruritic skin lesions over the trunk and back. No previous history of eczema, psoriasis and Tinea corporis. Given the history of allergy, initial impression was hypersensitivity reaction towards the titanium implants, and he was started on anti-histamines. However, there was no improvements seen. Histopathological examination of skin lesions revealed presence of granuloma within the dermis layer, composed of epitheloid, histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Wade-Fite stain for Mycobacterium leprae is positive. Slit skin smear shows multibacillary leprosy. Patient was started on multidrug therapy (rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone) for 1 year. He has recovered well.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 33

Termination of Pregnancy and Psychiatric Morbidity

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Gilchrist ◽  
Philip C. Hannaford ◽  
Peter Frank ◽  
Clifford R. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundWe investigated whether reported psychiatric morbidity was increased after termination of pregnancy compared with other outcomes of an unplanned pregnancy.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study of 13 261 women with an unplanned pregnancy. Psychiatric morbidity reported by GPs after the conclusion of the pregnancy was compared in four groups: women who had a termination of pregnancy (6410), women who did not request a termination (6151), women who were refused a termination (379), and women who changed their minds before the termination was performed (321).ResultsRates of total reported psychiatric disorder were no higher after termination of pregnancy than after childbirth. Women with a previous history of psychiatric illness were most at risk of disorder after the end of their pregnancy, whatever its outcome. Women without a previous history of psychosis had an apparently lower risk of psychosis after termination than postpartum (relative risk RR = 0.4, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.3–0.7), but rates of psychosis leading to hospital admission were similar. In women with no previous history of psychiatric illness, deliberate self-harm (DSH) was more common in those who had a termination (RR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1–2.6), or who were refused a termination (RR 2.9, 95%CI 1.3–6.3).ConclusionsThe findings on DSH are probably explicable by confounding variables, such as adverse social factors, associated both with the request for termination and with subsequent self-harm. No overall increase in reported psychiatric morbidity was found.

scholarly journals 541. Factors Associated with the Persistence of Colonization by Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Cali, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S258-S258
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Velez ◽  
Marly Orrego ◽  
Sofia Montes ◽  
Eric Tafur ◽  
Claudia M Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Colonized patients represent a reservoir for transmission to other non-colonized patients for health institutions, so surveillance measures and contact precautions have been taken in the worldwide to mitigate transmission. However, despite the different interventions implemented, factors associated with persistence have not been evaluated in our context. This study aimed to describe the persistence of colonization in patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) re-admitted to a health institution. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted. Patients re-admitted with a previous positive rapid test for MDROs, who had received chlorhexidine bathing and contact precautions during hospitalization were included. Samples were obtained from two rectal and one nasal swap. Colonization was defined as MDRO detection in at least one anatomical site, in the absence of symptoms or signs of infection. Persistence was defined as two positive screening for the same MDRO. Laboratory tests were chromID®, CHROMID® CARBA and MacConkey agar. VITEK MS® MALDI-TOF conducted MDROs genus identification, and carbapenem-resistant was evaluated through Sensi-Disc™. Logistic regression was performed to examine any association between persistence and clinical data. Results A total of 4,362 screening for MDROs was analyzed form July 2015 to December 2016, and 142 patients were included in the study; the median age was 39 years (IQR=12–62) and 56% were male. The most frequent MDRO was carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. There was a statistically significant difference in length of hospitalization (P = 0.003) and ICU (P = 0.035) between non-colonized and persistence of colonization. Factor associated with persistence of colonization included liver disease [OR=3.1; 95% CI: 1.068–9.019; P = 0.037], history of infection in the last year [OR=3.78; 95% CI: 1.036–13.839; P = 0.044], use of permanent urinary catheter [OR=6.48; 95% CI: 1.314–31.975; P = 0.022], history of gastrostomy before hospitalization [OR=5.37; 95% CI: 1.547–18.638; P = 0.008], and use of nasogastric tube [OR=5.14; 95% CI: 1.108–23.861; P = 0.036]. Conclusion It is necessary to consider the previous history of infection in the last year, and other patient’s comorbidities and conditions as risk factors of persistence to colonization by MDROs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita S. Shivekar ◽  
Venkatesh Kaliaperumal ◽  
Usharani Brammacharry ◽  
Anbazhagi Sakkaravarthy ◽  
C. K. Vidya Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
South India ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Abstract India accounts for about one-fourth of the global burden of MDR-TB. This study aims to assess  the prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among patients from South India. MTBDRplus assay and MGIT liquid culture performed on 20,245 sputum specimens obtained from presumptive MDR-TB cases during a six-year period from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate factors associated with MDR, Rifampicin mono-resistance, and Isoniazid mono-resistance. MDR, Rifampicin mono- resistant and Isoniazid mono-resistant TB were  found in 5.4%, 2.5%, and 11.4% cases of presumptive MDR-TB, respectively. Based on the rpoB gene, true resistance, hetero-resistance, and inferred resistance to Rifampicin was found in 38%, 29.3%, and 32.7% of the 1582 MDR cases, respectively. S450L (MUT3) was the most common rpoB mutation present in 59.4% of the Rifampicin resistant cases. Of the 3390 Isoniazid resistant cases, 72.5% had mutations in the katG gene, and 27.5% had mutations in the inhA gene. True resistance, heteroresistance, and inferred resistance accounted for 42.9%, 22.2%, and 17.3% of the 2459 katG resistant cases, respectively. True resistance, heteroresistance, and inferred resistance for the inhA gene were found in 54.5%, 40.7%, and 4.7% cases, respectively. MDR-contact (AOR 3.171 95% CI: 1.747–5.754, p-0.000) treatment failure (AOR 2.17595% CI: 1.703–2.777, p-0.000) and female gender (AOR 1.315 95% CI: 1.117–1.548, p-0.001), were positively associated with MDR-TB. Previous TB treatment did not show a significant positive association with MDR (AOR 1.113 95% CI: 0.801–1.546, p-0.523). Old age (AOR 0.994 95% CI: 0.990–0.999, p-0.023) and HIV seropositivity (AOR 0.580 95% CI: 0.369–0.911, p-0.018) were negatively associated with MDR-TB. Although Rifampicin mono-resistance had a positive association with treatment failure (AOR 2.509 95% CI: 1.804–3.490, p < .001), it did not show any association with previous TB treatment (AOR 1.286 95% CI: 0.765–2.164, p-0.342) or with history of contact with MDR-TB (AOR 1.813 95% CI: 0.591–5.560, p-0.298). However, INH mono-resistance showed a small positive association with the previous history of treatment for TB (AOR 1.303 95% CI: 1.021–1.662, p-0.033). It was also positively associated (AOR 2.094 95% CI: 1.236–3.548, p-0.006) with MDR-TB contacts. Thus INH resistance may develop during treatment if compliance has not adhered too and may be easily passed on to the contacts while Rifampicin resistance is probably due to factors other than treatment compliance. MDR-TB, i.e. resistance to both Rifampicin and Isoniazid, is strongly correlated with treatment failure, spread through contact, and not to treatment compliance. The temporal trend in this region shows a decrease in MDR prevalence from 8.4% in 2015 to 1.3% in 2018. A similar trend is observed for Rifampicin mono-resistance and Isoniazid mono-resistance, pointing to the effectiveness of the TB control program. The higher proportion of inferred resistance observed for Rifampicin compared with INH may indicate a surfeit of mechanisms that enable rifampicin resistance. Association of MDR-TB with age, gender, and HIV status suggest the role of the immune system in the emergence of the MDR phenotype.

Drug Overdose-Induced Coma Blisters: Pathophysiology and Clinical and Forensic Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Dinis-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Altered State ◽  
Soft Tissue Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Altered State Of Consciousness ◽  
Limiting Condition

Background: Coma blisters or coma bullae are bullous lesions that have been associated with cases of drug overdose-induced coma. Previous history of suicide attempt by administering benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol, antipsychotics, antidepressants or opioids have been particularly implicated. Patients may present also painful deep skin and soft tissue involvement, edema and functional impairment. The pathophysiology remains unknown and lesions are usually self-limited and typically resolve without scarring. Objective: This work aims to fully review the state of the art regarding the causes pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of drug overdose-induced coma blisters. Conclusion: Coma blisters are a benign, self-limiting condition that should be suspected in patients who develop pressure blisters several hours after an altered state of consciousness.

555 Role of X-Ray Soft Tissue Neck in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea with a Previous History of Adenotonsillectomy

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A219-A220
Author(s):  
Quang Nguyen ◽  
Karim El-Kersh ◽  
Bakeerathan Gunaratnam ◽  
Egambaram Senthilvel
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Z Score ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soft Tissue Neck ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Adenoid recurrence in children after adenotonsillectomy can be an etiology for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the role of x-ray soft tissue neck (XR-STN) in evaluating adenoid recurrence from a sleep physician perspective and to assess the polysomnographic findings of pre and post revision adenoidectomy. Methods This was a single center retrospective study that included children &lt;18 years old with a history of adenotonsillectomy who underwent sleep study that confirmed the diagnosis of OSA and had XR- STN to evaluate for adenoidal tissue recurrence at the University of Louisville/Norton Pediatric Sleep Disorders clinic from July 2012 to September 2020. XR-STN level of adenoidal obliteration, baseline and post revision adenoidectomy PSG data were analyzed. Results A total of 160 subjects were included in the study with a mean age of 9.71±3.5 years, 59.4% were male, 54.4% were Caucasians, and the mean z-score was 1.77±1.15. XR-STN was normal in 39.4% of the subjects and it showed mild, moderate, and complete adenoidal obliteration in 20.6%, 32.5% and 7.5% of the subjects, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the total AHI, the mean for the moderate and complete adenoidal obliteration are significantly higher than children with no obstruction (p-value=000). However, mild obliteration, Z score, age, gender, and race were not significantly associated with an increased total AHI. Pre- and post- adenoid revision PSGs were available in 20 subjects and they showed significant improvement in AHI (10.4±12.9 vs. 21.1±23.9, p=0.04), arousal index (15.4 ±10.6 vs. 21.1± 14.9, p=0.04), and nadir SaO2 (86.7%±8.1 vs. 76.58% ±18.44, p=0.04). Conclusion Soft tissue neck x-ray was useful in assessing adenoid recurrence in our study. Revision adenoidectomy resulted in an overall improvement in several PSGs parameters of OSA. Pediatric sleep physicians may consider XR-STN in the evaluation of children with OSA with a previous history of adenotonsillectomy. Support (if any) None

scholarly journals Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Peri-Implantitis: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanchit John ◽  
Daniel Shin ◽  
Allison Marlow ◽  
Yusuke Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Nonsurgical Therapy

Dental implant supported restorations have been added substantially to the clinical treatment options presented to patients. However, complications with these treatment options also arise due to improper patient selection and inadequate treatment planning combined with poor follow-up care. The complications related to the presence of inflammation include perimucositis, peri-implant bone loss, and peri-implantitis. Prevalence rates of these complications have been reported to be as high as 56%. Treatment options that have been reported include nonsurgical therapy, the use of locally delivered and systemically delivered antibiotics, and surgical protocols aimed at regenerating the lost bone and soft tissue around the implants. The aim of this article is to report on three cases and review some of the treatment options used in their management.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women in Owerri Municipal Council, Southeastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Nwaokoro ◽  
CO Emerole ◽  
SNO Ibe ◽  
AN Amadi ◽  
INS Dozie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background Gestational diabetes is emerging as a serious public health problem in Nigeria where the largest number of people with diabetes in Africa occurs. Current studies in Nigeria give an overall prevalence of gestational diabetes as 13.4% among pregnant women with unidentified risk factors. Aims and Objectives This study aimed at investigating the risk factors associated with gestational diabetes. Materials and Methods A cross-section analytical study design was adopted for this research and comprising a total of 100 pregnant women receiving ante-natal health care service at the Federal Medical Center, Owerri. A structured questionnaire including a set of detailed pre-determined questions was administered on the subjects. Data collected were analyzed statistically, using chi-square and T test. Results The results obtained suggest that there is a significant relationship (p<0.05) between previous macrosomic baby, parity, previous history of caesarean section, family history of diabetes and occurrence of gestational diabetes, respectively. However, there is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between history of miscarriages and stillbirth, socioeconomic status and occurrence of gestational diabetes. A family history of diabetes is independently and significantly associated with the development of gestational diabetes itself even after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusion This study will be a working tool to guide obstetricians and midwives in counseling and advising women of their risk of developing GDM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8302 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.39-46  

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