Introductory Chapter: Physics of Information and Quantum Mechanics - Some Remarks from a Historical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Curilef ◽  
Angel Ricardo Plastino
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Historical Perspective

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Mansfield ◽  
Helen V. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Preferential Trading Arrangements ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of what preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) are and why they are important. It covers the economic effects of PTAs, political and security effects of PTAs, PTAs in historical perspective, and the effects of domestic politics on PTAs. It then sets out the book's central argument, that trade agreements are often motivated by domestic political conditions. The book seeks to explain why leaders choose to enter these agreements. The next section discusses how the present analysis of the domestic sources of PTA formation bears on a host of important theoretical issues in the fields of international relations and political economy. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.

The No-Man’s-Land of Language

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Language And Ideology ◽  
State Of Israel

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the lives and afterlives of Arabic and Hebrew in Israeli literature, culture, and society. Hebrew is the spiritual, historical, and ideological cornerstone of the State of Israel, and Hebrew literature, having accompanied the national project from its inception, is an integral part of Israeli society. Yet in its broader geopolitical context, Hebrew is the language of a small state that views itself as an embattled island in a hostile Arabic-language sea. The book presents an alternative story of the evolution of language and ideology in the Jewish state. It takes a long historical perspective, beginning not in 1948 with the foundation of the state but rather at the turn of the century, with the early days of Zionist settlement in Palestine. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.

Introduction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Dewatripont ◽  
Jean-Charles Rochet ◽  
Jean Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
Global World

This introductory chapter begins by briefly setting out the book's purpose, which is to offer a perspective on what happened during the recent financial crisis and especially on the lessons to be learned in order to avoid a repetition of this large-scale meltdown of financial markets, industrial recession, and public deficits. It then provides a historical perspective on the regulation of the banking sector, followed by discussions of the challenges facing prudential regulation and the development of an adaptive regulatory system in a global world. It argues that the previous trend toward decreasing capital requirements and increasing delegation of oversight to banks and credit-rating agencies clearly requires a correction, namely a strengthening of regulation. In the recent crisis, the pendulum can be expected to swing in this direction.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Nurfadzilah Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
The Indian Ocean

This introductory chapter flips the more common historical perspective that European imperialism led to new patterns of legal pluralism across empires that spawned possibilities for interpolity contact and trade, acting as catalysts for the emergence of global legal regimes. It demonstrates how British and Dutch territorial jurisdictions expressed very specific relationships between territory, authority, and forms of law, and it simultaneously puts into stark relief the preponderance of diasporic Arab merchants generating their own jurisdictions across the Indian Ocean in tandem with those of the European colonist. Not only were these Arabs attuned to legal pluralism being the operative condition of law, they were also acutely aware of jurisdictional ordering and the concentration of power across time and space. The chapter proposes a spatial repositioning of the Indian Ocean from the perspective of Southeast Asia outward toward Hadramawt, a region located in present-day Yemen from which most Arabs in Southeast Asia originated. Ultimately, it presents the result of the legislation after members of the Hadhrami diaspora attempted to bring their own regulation with them, inscribing territorial lines across the Indian Ocean through law.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Working People ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historical Contextualization

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to put the present economic crisis and its impact on workers in historical perspective, situating recent developments in the context of previous economic crises that have marked the industrial era. For, while much as been written about the origins and impact of the present crisis, most of it treats that crisis in historical isolation, and most of it treats workers as mere casualties or as an afterthought, if at all. The volume is premised on the notion that the historical contextualization of the present economic crisis demands an approach that is both transnational and cross-disciplinary, and one that takes the experiences of working people seriously. The chapter then discusses the long view of economic crises and workers' agency in an era of global transformation. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schor
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stable Categories ◽  
Us Census

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book’s main themes. This book examines the population categories constructed and utilized every ten years by the US census. Approaching these categories from a historical perspective rather than a strictly sociological or political one permits their analysis as sites of internal and external mobilization. It also reveals the hidden evolutions by which the contents of seemingly stable categories changed while the definitions remain the same. Long-standing categories of race, such as white or black, have varied dramatically across periods and regions. Based on distinctions of origin and status—between free and slave, white and non-white, native-born Americans and immigrants or children of immigrants—over a period of a century and a half, from the creation of the federal census in 1790 to the 1940s, this study retraces the genealogy and evolution of these categories.

Foreign Aid in Comparative-Historical Perspective

Give and Take ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Nitsan Chorev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Markets ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms

This introductory chapter provides a background of pharmaceutical markets in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, which were dominated by western pharmaceutical companies from colonial times until the 1990s. Nevertheless, local pharmaceutical firms also existed. The experience of local pharmaceutical firms in all three countries included two distinct phases: emergence in the 1980s–1990s and upgrading in the 2000s–2010s. Both phases revealed the role of foreign aid within a particular local context in these firms’ trajectories. The chapter continues that the book identifies the kind of foreign aid that could advance development in recipient countries by examining, in particular, the case of local industrial production. Based on the experiences of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda since the 1980s, it argues that foreign aid could support the emergence and upgrading of local industry—including the production of more complex products and the pursuit of higher manufacturing standards—when it provides three resources: markets, monitoring, and mentoring.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
David Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Quantum Cosmology ◽  
Philosophy Of Physics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Philosophical Questions

This introductory chapter provides an overview of philosophy of physics, which is an interdisciplinary field sitting between physics proper, mainstream philosophy, and the general philosophy of science, and communicating ideas and insights between them. Philosophy of physics is mostly concerned not with physics as a whole but with particular areas within it. Given a field in physics, one can consider the conceptual—that is, philosophical—questions that arise in that field, and the problems in each sub-field are distinctive. The chapter briefly discusses many of these, including some in cutting-edge areas of physics like quantum cosmology, black holes, and string theory. But it notes that the bulk of work in philosophy of physics is concerned with three areas where the physics is reasonably well established: the philosophy of spacetime; the philosophy of statistical mechanics; and the philosophy of quantum mechanics.

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