scholarly journals Application of Higher Order Derivatives to Helicopter Model Control

10.5772/9130 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Czyba ◽  
Michal Serafi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Model Control

scholarly journals Dynamics of Biweekly Oscillations in the Equatorial Indian Ocean*

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Miyama ◽  
Julian P. McCreary ◽  
Debasis Sengupta ◽  
Retish Senan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Equatorial Indian Ocean ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Quikscat Winds

Abstract Variability of the wind field over the equatorial Indian Ocean is spread throughout the intraseasonal (10–60 day) band. In contrast, variability of the near-surface υ field in the eastern, equatorial ocean is concentrated at biweekly frequencies and is largely composed of Yanai waves. The excitation of this biweekly variability is investigated using an oceanic GCM and both analytic and numerical versions of a linear, continuously stratified (LCS) model in which solutions are represented as expansions in baroclinic modes. Solutions are forced by Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds (the model control runs) and by idealized winds having the form of a propagating wave with frequency σ and wavenumber kw. The GCM and LCS control runs are remarkably similar in the biweekly band, indicating that the dynamics of biweekly variability are fundamentally linear and wind driven. The biweekly response is composed of local (nonradiating) and remote (Yanai wave) parts, with the former spread roughly uniformly along the equator and the latter strengthening to the east. Test runs to the numerical models separately forced by the τx and τy components of the QuikSCAT winds demonstrate that both forcings contribute to the biweekly signal, the response forced by τy being somewhat stronger. Without mixing, the analytic spectrum for Yanai waves forced by idealized winds has a narrowband (resonant) response for each baroclinic mode: Spectral peaks occur whenever the wavenumber of the Yanai wave for mode n is sufficiently close to kw and they shift from biweekly to lower frequencies with increasing modenumber n. With mixing, the higher-order modes are damped so that the largest ocean response is restricted to Yanai waves in the biweekly band. Thus, in the LCS model, resonance and mixing act together to account for the ocean's favoring the biweekly band. Because of the GCM's complexity, it cannot be confirmed that vertical mixing also damps its higher-order modes; other possible processes are nonlinear interactions with near-surface currents, and the model's low vertical resolution below the thermocline. Test runs to the LCS model show that Yanai waves from several modes superpose to form a beam (wave packet) that carries energy downward as well as eastward. Reflections of such beams from the near-surface pycnocline and bottom act to maintain near-surface energy levels, accounting for the eastward intensification of the near-surface, equatorial υ field in the control runs.

Predictive extended state observer-based robust control for uncertain linear systems with experimental validation

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110025
Author(s):  
Sushant N Pawar ◽  
Rajan H Chile ◽  
Balasaheb M Patre
Keyword(s):  
Robust Control ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
State Observer ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Extended State Observer ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Extended State ◽  
Model Control

This paper describes a predictive extended state observer-based robust control for uncertain process control applications. The technique discussed in the article uses the extended state observer (ESO) that can estimate the dynamics of the system as well as total disturbance encountered in the system. The disturbances, parametric uncertainties associated with the processes are treated as an extended state variable to be estimated in real-time using ESO. With the implementation of a predictive algorithm with an ESO, the proposed control structure extends its applicability to time-delayed higher-order processes. The proposed control technique utilizes the simple first-order modified predictive ESO even in the case of higher-order processes. The novel predictive ESO is able to obtain a delay less estimation of total disturbance as compared with existing normal ESO. Also, novel predictive ESO maintains its stability margin in presence of time delay as well provides better response as compared with normal ESO. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme provides a significant improvement in transient response as compared with internal model control-based proportional-integral-derivative (IMC-PID) control. The proposed scheme requires less knowledge of the process as compared with the IMC-PID structure. The implementation of the proposed control is tested on a real-life single tank level control system. Because of its merit, the suggested technique can be used as automatic for online tuning, as it is less reliant on the process model.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Quantitative EPMA of nitrogen : A tricky element in the electron-probe microanalyzer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1622-1623
Author(s):  
G.F. Bastin ◽  
H.J.M. Heijligers
Keyword(s):  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Quantitative Epma ◽  
Peak Count ◽  
Lead Stearate

Among the ultra-light elements B, C, N, and O nitrogen is the most difficult element to deal with in the electron probe microanalyzer. This is mainly caused by the severe absorption that N-Kα radiation suffers in carbon which is abundantly present in the detection system (lead-stearate crystal, carbonaceous counter window). As a result the peak-to-background ratios for N-Kα measured with a conventional lead-stearate crystal can attain values well below unity in many binary nitrides . An additional complication can be caused by the presence of interfering higher-order reflections from the metal partner in the nitride specimen; notorious examples are elements such as Zr and Nb. In nitrides containing these elements is is virtually impossible to carry out an accurate background subtraction which becomes increasingly important with lower and lower peak-to-background ratios. The use of a synthetic multilayer crystal such as W/Si (2d-spacing 59.8 Å) can bring significant improvements in terms of both higher peak count rates as well as a strong suppression of higher-order reflections.

Effects of Higher-Order Laue Zone reflections on structure images

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. S. Kim ◽  
S. S. Sheinin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Vector ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
Lattice Vector ◽  
Image Position

The importance of image simulation in interpreting experimental lattice images is well established. Normally, in carrying out the required theoretical calculations, only zero order Laue zone reflections are taken into account. In this paper we assess the conditions for which this procedure is valid and indicate circumstances in which higher order Laue zone reflections may be important. Our work is based on an analysis of the requirements for obtaining structure images i.e. images directly related to the projected potential. In the considerations to follow, the Bloch wave formulation of the dynamical theory has been used.The intensity in a lattice image can be obtained from the total wave function at the image plane is given by: where ϕg(z) is the diffracted beam amplitide given by In these equations,the z direction is perpendicular to the entrance surface, g is a reciprocal lattice vector, the Cg(i) are Fourier coefficients in the expression for a Bloch wave, b(i), X(i) is the Bloch wave excitation coefficient, ϒ(i)=k(i)-K, k(i) is a Bloch wave vector, K is the electron wave vector after correction for the mean inner potential of the crystal, T(q) and D(q) are the transfer function and damping function respectively, q is a scattering vector and the summation is over i=l,N where N is the number of beams taken into account.

Challenging the Multidimensional Conception of Perceived Person-Environment Fit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julian M. Etzel ◽  
Gabriel Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. In the current study, we examined the viability of a multidimensional conception of perceived person-environment (P-E) fit in higher education. We introduce an optimized 12-item measure that distinguishes between four content dimensions of perceived P-E fit: interest-contents (I-C) fit, needs-supplies (N-S) fit, demands-abilities (D-A) fit, and values-culture (V-C) fit. The central aim of our study was to examine whether the relationships between different P-E fit dimensions and educational outcomes can be accounted for by a higher-order factor that captures the shared features of the four fit dimensions. Relying on a large sample of university students in Germany, we found that students distinguish between the proposed fit dimensions. The respective first-order factors shared a substantial proportion of variance and conformed to a higher-order factor model. Using a newly developed factor extension procedure, we found that the relationships between the first-order factors and most outcomes were not fully accounted for by the higher-order factor. Rather, with the exception of V-C fit, all specific P-E fit factors that represent the first-order factors’ unique variance showed reliable and theoretically plausible relationships with different outcomes. These findings support the viability of a multidimensional conceptualization of P-E fit and the validity of our adapted instrument.

Speeded Paper-Pencil Sustained Attention and Mental Speed Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krumm ◽  
Lothar Schmidt-Atzert ◽  
Kurt Michalczyk ◽  
Vanessa Danthiir
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Speed Factor ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
Order Factor

Mental speed (MS) and sustained attention (SA) are theoretically distinct constructs. However, tests of MS are very similar to SA tests that use time pressure as an impeding condition. The performance in such tasks largely relies on the participants’ speed of task processing (i.e., how quickly and correctly one can perform the simple cognitive tasks). The present study examined whether SA and MS are empirically the same or different constructs. To this end, 24 paper-pencil and computerized tests were administered to 199 students. SA turned out to be highly related to MS task classes: substitution and perceptual speed. Furthermore, SA showed a very close relationship with the paper-pencil MS factor. The correlation between SA and computerized speed was considerably lower but still high. In a higher-order general speed factor model, SA had the highest loading on the higher-order factor; the higher-order factor explained 88% of SA variance. It is argued that SA (as operationalized with tests using time pressure as an impeding condition) and MS cannot be differentiated, at the level of broad constructs. Implications for neuropsychological assessment and future research are discussed.

The Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resiliency Scale in Chinese Undergraduates

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Cui ◽  
Xiujie Teng ◽  
Xupei Li ◽  
Tian P.S. Oei
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Criterion Variable ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

The current study examined the factor structure and the psychometric properties of Sandra Prince-Embury’s Resiliency Scale for Adolescents (RESA) in Chinese undergraduates. A total of 726 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two subsamples: Sample A was used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Sample B was used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA revealed that 56 items and a model of 10 factors with 3 higher order factors (as described by Sandra) were to be retained; CFA with Sample B confirmed this result. The overall scale and the subscales of the Chinese-RESA demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Furthermore, concurrent validity was demonstrated by the correlation of the scale with other instruments such as the PANAS and the CSS, and the predictive validity was confirmed via three multiple regression analyses using the PANAS as a criterion variable: one for the 10 subscales of the C-RESA, one for the 3 higher order scales, and one for the total C-RESA. We concluded that the C-RESA may be used for research into Chinese undergraduates’ adaptive behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document