scholarly journals The Uniqueness of Achatina fulica in its Evolutionary Success

10.5772/68134 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Mukherjee ◽  
Shuvasree Sarkar ◽  
Chayan Munshi ◽  
Shelley Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Evolutionary Success

Incidence of Life Stages of Strongylid Nematodes in the Giant African Snail, Achatina Fulica (Bowdich) in Bangalore Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jayashankar M. Jayashankar ◽  
◽  
G.S.S.Murthy G.S.S.Murthy ◽  
D.K.Krishnappa D.K.Krishnappa ◽  
M.S.Reddy M.S.Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Life Stages ◽  
Achatina Fulica

Evolution of Conditional Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Seyhun Saral
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Conditional Cooperation ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Initial Move ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Strategy Types

Conditional cooperation has been a common explanation for the observed cooperation, and its decline in social dilemma experiments. Numerous studies showed that most of the experimental subjects can be categorized into three types: conditional cooperators, self-maximizers and hump-shaped (triangle) cooperators. In this study, I investigate conditional strategy types and their role on the emergence of cooperation and their evolutionary success. For this purpose, I use an extension of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The agents are characterized by their initial move and their conditional responses to each level of cooperation. By using simulations, I estimate the likelihood of cooperation for different probability of continuations.I show that, when the continuation probability is sufficiently large, high levels cooperation is achieved. In this case, the most successful strategies are those who employ an all-or-none type of conditional cooperation, followed by perfect conditional cooperators. In intermediate levels of continuation probabilities, however, hump-shaped contributor types are the ones that are most likely to thrive, followed by imperfect conditional cooperators. Those agents cooperate in a medium level of cooperation within themselves and each other. The results explain the existence of hump-shaped type of cooperators with a purely payoff-based reasoning, as opposed to previous attempts to explain this strategy with psychological mechanisms.

Wound-healing activity of glycoproteins from white jade snail (Achatina fulica) on experimentally burned mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Yiming Song ◽  
Yinxin Cui ◽  
Limin Hao ◽  
Jiaqing Zhu ◽  
Juanjuan Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

scholarly journals Cephalic biomechanics underpins the evolutionary success of trilobites

Palaeontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Esteve ◽  
Jordi Marcé‐Nogué ◽  
Francesc Pérez‐Peris ◽  
Emily Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Success

scholarly journals Biomechanics of insect cuticle: an interdisciplinary experimental challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Stamm ◽  
Brian Daniel Saltin ◽  
Jan-Henning Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Experimental Challenge

AbstractThe cuticle exoskeleton plays a key role in facilitating the evolutionary success of insects. Since the mid of the last century, many different biomechanical properties of exoskeletons have been investigated, always utilizing the most sophisticated scientific methods available at the time. So far, information on the biomechanical properties of cuticle seems to be as diverse as the methods used to measure them. As a consequence, insect cuticle is often considered to exhibit the most complex and diverse biomechanical properties of any biological material. However, it remains unclear which role the respective measurement methods and sample treatments used in previous studies play in supporting this claim. This review provides a broad overview of examination techniques used to study biomechanical properties of insect exoskeletons and discusses their respective advantages and disadvantages in describing the properties of a complex material such as cuticle. Our meta-analysis of the present data confirms significant effects of the respective measurement methods, sample treatments and body parts on the obtained mechanical properties. Based on our findings, we highlight research gaps and point out important factors which should be taken into account in future studies on insect cuticle.

scholarly journals The diversity of opsins in Lake Baikal amphipods (Amphipoda: Gammaridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Drozdova ◽  
Alena Kizenko ◽  
Alexandra Saranchina ◽  
Anton Gurkov ◽  
Maria Firulyova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Habitat Depth ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Multiple Species

Abstract Background Vision is a crucial sense for the evolutionary success of many animal groups. Here we explore the diversity of visual pigments (opsins) in the transcriptomes of amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and conclude that it is restricted to middle (MWS) and long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins in the overwhelming majority of examined species. Results We evidenced (i) parallel loss of MWS opsin expression in multiple species (including two independently evolved lineages from the deep and ancient Lake Baikal) and (ii) LWS opsin amplification (up to five transcripts) in both Baikal lineages. The number of LWS opsins negatively correlated with habitat depth in Baikal amphipods. Some LWS opsins in Baikal amphipods contained MWS-like substitutions, suggesting that they might have undergone spectral tuning. Conclusions This repeating two-step evolutionary scenario suggests common triggers, possibly the lack of light during the periods when Baikal was permanently covered with thick ice and its subsequent melting. Overall, this observation demonstrates the possibility of revealing climate history by following the evolutionary changes in protein families.

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