scholarly journals The Role of Fish Oil Feeding Rich in ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Sepsis ◽  
10.5772/68041 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilios Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock

Fish oil and mental health: the role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cognitive development and neurological disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Assisi ◽  
Rita Banzi ◽  
Carmela Buonocore ◽  
Filippo Capasso ◽  
Valeria Di Muzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Goel ◽  
Naga Pothineni ◽  
Mayank Singhal ◽  
Hakan Paydak ◽  
Tom Saldeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids

Fish and commercially available fish oil preparations are rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most important fatty acids in fish oil. Following dietary intake, these fatty acids get incorporated into the cell membrane phospholipids throughout the body, especially in the heart and brain. They play an important role in early brain development during infancy, and have also been shown to be of benefit in dementia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Early epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between fish consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease. This led to the identification of the cardioprotective role of these marine-derived fatty acids. Many experimental studies and some clinical trials have documented the benefits of fish oil supplementation in decreasing the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. Possible mechanisms include reduction in triglycerides, alteration in membrane fluidity, modulation of cardiac ion channels, and anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-arrhythmic effects. Fish oil supplements are generally safe, and the risk of toxicity with methylmercury, an environmental toxin found in fish, is minimal. Current guidelines recommend the consumption of either one to two servings of oily fish per week or daily fish oil supplements (around 1 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day) in adults. However, recent large-scale studies have failed to demonstrate any benefit of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Here, we review the different trials that evaluated the role of fish oil in cardiovascular diseases.

The Role of Histones and Heparin in Sepsis: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662199232
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Extracellular Histones ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Made In

Septic shock with multiple organ failure is a devastating situation in clinical settings. Through the past decades, much progress has been made in the management of sepsis and its underlying pathogenesis, but a highly effective therapeutic has not been developed. Recently, macromolecules such as histones have been targeted in the treatment of sepsis. Histones primarily function as chromosomal organizers to pack DNA and regulate its transcription through epigenetic mechanisms. However, a growing body of research has shown that histone family members can also exert cellular toxicity once they relocate from the nucleus into the extracellular space. Heparin, a commonly used anti-coagulant, has been shown to possess life-saving capabilities for septic patients, but the potential interplay between heparin and extracellular histones has not been investigated. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic roles of extracellular histones and the therapeutic roles of heparin in the development and management of sepsis and septic shock.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Phospholipase-Derived Cleavage Products in Regulating Eosinophil Activity: Focus on Lysophospholipids, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4356
Author(s):  
Eva Knuplez ◽  
Eva Maria Sturm ◽  
Gunther Marsche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype

Eosinophils are important effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. When stimulated, eosinophils release a variety of mediators initiating, propagating, and maintaining local inflammation. Both, the activity and concentration of secreted and cytosolic phospholipases (PLAs) are increased in allergic inflammation, promoting the cleavage of phospholipids and thus the production of reactive lipid mediators. Eosinophils express high levels of secreted phospholipase A2 compared to other leukocytes, indicating their direct involvement in the production of lipid mediators during allergic inflammation. On the other side, eosinophils have also been recognized as crucial mediators with regulatory and homeostatic roles in local immunity and repair. Thus, targeting the complex network of lipid mediators offer a unique opportunity to target the over-activation and ‘pro-inflammatory’ phenotype of eosinophils without compromising the survival and functions of tissue-resident and homeostatic eosinophils. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the critical role of phospholipase-derived lipid mediators in modulating eosinophil activity in health and disease. We focus on lysophospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids with exciting new perspectives for future drug development.

Effects of Fish Oil with a High Content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Mouse Gut Microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Ning Yu ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Wen-sheng Pan ◽  
Sheng-Rong Shen ◽  
Wei-Guang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Mouse Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Apoptosis mediated chemosensitization of tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil on supplementation of fish oil in experimental colon carcinoma

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 101042831769501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Rani ◽  
Bhoomika Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Satinder Kaur ◽  
Navneet Agnihotri
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

5-Fluorouracil has been considered as a cornerstone therapy for colorectal cancer; however, it suffers from low therapeutic response rate and severe side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil. Recently, fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been reported to chemosensitize tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs. This study is designed to understand the underlying mechanisms of synergistic effect of fish oil and 5-fluorouracil by evaluation of tumor cell–associated markers such as apoptosis and DNA damage. The colon cancer was developed by administration of N,N-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride and dextran sulfate sodium salt. Further these animals were treated with 5-fluorouracil, fish oil, or a combination of both. In carcinogen-treated animals, a decrease in DNA damage and apoptotic index was observed. There was also a decrease in the expression of Fas, FasL, caspase 8, and Bax, and an increase in Bcl-2. In contrast, administration of 5-fluorouracil and fish oil as an adjuvant increased both DNA damage and apoptotic index by activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways as compared to the other groups. The increased pro-apoptotic effect by synergism of 5-fluorouracil and fish oil may be attributed to the incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane, which alters membrane fluidity in cancer cells. In conclusion, this study highlights that the induction of apoptotic pathway by fish oil may increase the susceptibility of tumors to chemotherapeutic regimens.

scholarly journals Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. NMI.S39043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma A. Abdelmagid ◽  
Jessica L. MacKinnon ◽  
Sarah M. Janssen ◽  
David W.L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Important Study

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.

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