scholarly journals Validation of Instrument Measuring Continuous Variable in Medicine

10.5772/66151 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafdzah Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Instrument Measuring

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise S. Dan-Glauser ◽  
Klaus R. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
French Translation ◽  
French Version ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

Successful emotion regulation is a key aspect of efficient social functioning and personal well-being. Difficulties in emotion regulation lead to relationship impairments and are presumed to be involved in the onset and maintenance of some psychopathological disorders as well as inappropriate behaviors. Gratz and Roemer (2004 ) developed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a comprehensive instrument measuring emotion regulation problems that encompasses several dimensions on which difficulties can occur. The aim of the present work was to develop a French translation of this scale and to provide an initial validation of this instrument. The French version was created using translation and backtranslation procedures and was tested on 455 healthy students. Congruence between the original and the translated scales was .98 (Tucker’s phi) and internal consistency of the translation reached .92 (Cronbach’s α). Moreover, test-retest scores were highly correlated. Altogether, the initial validation of the French version of the DERS (DERS-F) offers satisfactory results and permits the use of this instrument to map difficulties in emotion regulation in both clinical and research contexts.

A Psychometric Study of the Quality Perception Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Cioffi† ◽  
Anna Coluccia ◽  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Francesca Lorini ◽  
Aristide Saggino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Quality Perception ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Hospital Structures

The present paper reexamines the psychometric properties of the Quality Perception Questionnaire (QPQ), an Italian survey instrument measuring patients’ perceptions of the quality of a recent hospital admission experience, in a sample of 4400 patients (Mage = 56.42 years; SD = 19.71 years, 48.8% females). The 14-item survey measures four factors: satisfaction with medical doctors, nursing staff, auxiliary staff, and hospital structures. First, we tested two models using a confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling): a four orthogonal factor and a four oblique factor model. The SEM fit indices and the χ² difference suggested the acceptance of the second model. We then did a simulation using a bootstrap with 1000 replications. Results confirmed the four oblique factor solution. Third, we tested whether there were significant differences with respect to age or sex. The multivariate general linear model showed no significant differences in the factors with respect to sex or age.

Constructing and model-fitting receiver operator characteristics using continuous data.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Ann Urquhart ◽  
Akira O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
Discrete Discrimination

Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) are plots which provide a visual summary of a classifier’s decision response accuracy at varying discrimination thresholds. Typical practice, particularly within psychological studies, involves plotting an ROC from a limited number of discrete thresholds before fitting signal detection parameters to the plot. We propose that additional insight into decision-making could be gained through increasing ROC resolution, using trial-by-trial measurements derived from a continuous variable, in place of discrete discrimination thresholds. Such continuous ROCs are not yet routinely used in behavioural research, which we attribute to issues of practicality (i.e. the difficulty of applying standard ROC model-fitting methodologies to continuous data). Consequently, the purpose of the current article is to provide a documented method of fitting signal detection parameters to continuous ROCs. This method reliably produces model fits equivalent to the unequal variance least squares method of model-fitting (Yonelinas et al., 1998), irrespective of the number of data points used in ROC construction. We present the suggested method in three main stages: I) building continuous ROCs, II) model-fitting to continuous ROCs and III) extracting model parameters from continuous ROCs. Throughout the article, procedures are demonstrated in Microsoft Excel, using an example continuous variable: reaction time, taken from a single-item recognition memory. Supplementary MATLAB code used for automating our procedures is also presented in Appendix B, with a validation of the procedure using simulated data shown in Appendix C.

Prior real-world experience influences non-linguistic statistical learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Charles Van Hedger ◽  
Ingrid Johnsrude ◽  
Laura Batterink
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Specific Learning

Listeners are adept at extracting regularities from the environment, a process known as statistical learning (SL). SL has been generally assumed to be a form of “context-free” learning that occurs independently of prior knowledge, and SL experiments typically involve exposing participants to presumed novel regularities, such as repeating nonsense words. However, recent work has called this assumption into question, demonstrating that learners’ previous language experience can considerably influence SL performance. In the present experiment, we tested whether previous knowledge also shapes SL in a non-linguistic domain, using a paradigm that involves extracting regularities over tone sequences. Participants learned novel tone sequences, which consisted of pitch intervals not typically found in Western music. For one group of participants, the tone sequences used artificial, computerized instrument sounds. For the other group, the same tone sequences used familiar instrument sounds (piano or violin). Knowledge of the statistical regularities was assessed using both trained sounds (measuring specific learning) and sounds that differed in pitch range and/or instrument (measuring transfer learning). In a follow-up experiment, two additional testing sessions were administered to gauge retention of learning (one day and approximately one-week post-training). Compared to artificial instruments, training on sequences played by familiar instruments resulted in reduced correlations among test items, reflecting more idiosyncratic performance. Across all three testing sessions, learning of novel regularities presented with familiar instruments was worse compared to unfamiliar instruments, suggesting that prior exposure to music produced by familiar instruments interfered with new sequence learning. Overall, these results demonstrate that real-world experience influences SL in a non-linguistic domain, supporting the view that SL involves the continuous updating of existing representations, rather than the establishment of entirely novel ones.

Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

scholarly journals Aortic Valve Calcification is Associated with Future Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hojune E. Chung ◽  
Jessica Chen ◽  
Dhairyasheel Ghosalkar ◽  
Jared L. Christensen ◽  
Alice J. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
New Diagnosis

Background: While an association between atherosclerosis and dementia has been identified, few studies have assessed the longitudinal relationship between aortic valve calcification (AVC) and cognitive impairment (CI). Objective: We sought to determine whether AVC derived from lung cancer screening CT (LCSCT) was associated with CI in a moderate-to-high atherosclerotic risk cohort. Methods: This was a single site, retrospective analysis of 1401 U.S. veterans (65 years [IQI: 61, 68] years; 97%male) who underwent quantification of AVC from LCSCT indicated for smoking history. The primary outcome was new diagnosis of CI identified by objective testing (Mini-Mental Status Exam or Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or by ICD coding. Time-to-event analysis was carried out using AVC as a continuous variable. Results: Over 5 years, 110 patients (8%) were diagnosed with CI. AVC was associated with new diagnosis of CI using 3 Models for adjustment: 1) age (HR: 1.104; CI: 1.023–1.191; p = 0.011); 2) Model 1 plus hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, CKD stage 3 or higher (glomerular filtration rate <  60 mL/min) and CAD (HR: 1.097; CI: 1.014–1.186; p = 0.020); and 3) Model 2 plus CVA (HR: 1.094; CI: 1.011–1.182; p = 0.024). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the association between AVC and new diagnosis of CI remained significant upon exclusion of severe AVC (HR: 1.100 [1.013–1.194]; p = 0.023). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that this association remained significant when including education in the multivariate analysis (HR: 1.127 [1.030–1.233]; p = 0.009). Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating that among mostly male individuals who underwent LCSCT, quantified aortic valve calcification is associated with new diagnosis of CI.

scholarly journals An FPGA-Based LDPC Decoder With Ultra-Long Codes for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 47687-47697
Author(s):  
Shen-Shen Yang ◽  
Jian-Qiang Liu ◽  
Zhen-Guo Lu ◽  
Zeng-Liang Bai ◽  
Xu-Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Ldpc Decoder

scholarly journals Serum urate and cardiovascular events in the DCCT/EDIC study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia J. Jenkins ◽  
Barbara H. Braffett ◽  
Arpita Basu ◽  
Ionut Bebu ◽  
Samuel Dagogo-Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Routine Measurement

AbstractIn type 2 diabetes, hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but associations in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been well-defined. This study examined the relationships between serum urate (SU) concentrations, clinical and biochemical factors, and subsequent cardiovascular events in a well-characterized cohort of adults with T1D. In 973 participants with T1D in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC), associations were defined between SU, measured once in blood collected 1997–2000, and (a) concurrent MetS and (b) incident ‘any CVD’ and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) through 2013. SU was higher in men than women [mean (SD): 4.47 (0.99) vs. 3.39 (0.97) mg/dl, respectively, p < 0.0001], and was associated with MetS features in both (men: p = 0.0016; women: p < 0.0001). During follow-up, 110 participants (11%) experienced “any CVD”, and 53 (5%) a MACE. Analyzed by quartiles, SU was not associated with subsequent CVD or MACE. In women, SU as a continuous variable was associated with MACE (unadjusted HR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.07–2.16; p = 0.0211) even after adjustment for age and HbA1c (HR: 1.47; 95% CI 1.01–2.14; p = 0.0467). Predominantly normal range serum urate concentrations in T1D were higher in men than women and were associated with features of the MetS. In some analyses of women only, SU was associated with subsequent MACE. Routine measurement of SU to assess cardiovascular risk in T1D is not merited.Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

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