scholarly journals Role of Pathologist in Driver of Treatment of CNS Tumors

10.5772/65911 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Altinay
Keyword(s):  
Cns Tumors

scholarly journals Leveraging the Role of the Metastatic Associated Protein Anterior Gradient Homologue 2 in Unfolded Protein Degradation: A Novel Therapeutic Biomarker for Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsereihi ◽  
Schulten ◽  
Bakhashab ◽  
Saini ◽  
Al-Hejin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Multiple Molecules ◽  
High Expression Level

Effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers can help in tracking disease progress, predict patients’ survival, and considerably affect the drive for successful clinical management. The present review aims to determine how the metastatic-linked protein anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) operates to affect cancer progression, and to identify associated potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, particularly in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Studies that show a high expression level of AGR2, and associate the protein expression with the resilience to chemotherapeutic treatments or with poor cancer survival, are reported. The primary protein structures of the seven variants of AGR2, including their functional domains, are summarized. Based on experiments in various biological models, this review shows an orchestra of multiple molecules that regulate AGR2 expression, including a feedback loop with p53. The AGR2-associated molecular functions and pathways including genomic integrity, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, migration, stemness, and inflammation, are detailed. In addition, the mechanisms that can enable the rampant oncogenic effects of AGR2 are clarified. The different strategies used to therapeutically target AGR2-positive cancer cells are evaluated in light of the current evidence. Moreover, novel associated pathways and clinically relevant deregulated genes in AGR2 high CNS tumors are identified using a meta-analysis approach.

scholarly journals OR32-03 Serum Cell-Free Methylation-Based Signatures Distinguishes Pituitary Tumors According to Functional Status and from Other Neoplasia: A Liquid Biopsy Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wells ◽  
Karam P Asmaro ◽  
Thais S Sabedot ◽  
Maritza S Mosella ◽  
Tathiane M Malta, PharmD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Independent Cohort

Abstract BACKGROUND: Several reports have indicated that distinct epigenomic patterns of pituitary tumors (PT), specifically DNA methylation, distinguish these tumor tissues according to their functionality and could be involved in their pathogenesis. Thus far, molecular diagnosis and classification criteria that guide clinical management of these tumors rely on the tissue profiling obtained by invasive surgical approaches (e.g. excision). However, increasing evidence confirmed that central nervous system (CNS) tumors release cell material into the circulation creating an opportunity for molecular profiling of these tumors using a blood-based liquid biopsy. Considering that 1) the pituitary portal system and the invasion of the cavernous system by PT may facilitate the spillage of tumor cell material into the bloodstream and 2) the stability, cell-specificity and reportedly the role of DNA methylation in PT, we hypothesized that liquid biopsy would be feasible to detect and define specific methylation-based signatures in the serum of patients harboring PT. Methods and Findings: We conducted analyses of the methylomes of paired serum circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor tissue from patients harboring PT (EPIC array) to identify serum-derived pituitary tumor-specific methylation-based signatures (sPTMet n=37) in a cohort comprised by 13 patients with pituitary macroadenomas (9 males; median age: 62; 9 Nonfunctioning/4functioning, 6 invasive/7noninvasive), 4 controls (non-tumor) and patients with other CNS tumors or conditions (114 gliomas, 6 meningiomas, 1 brain metastasis, 1 colloid cyst, 6 radiation necrosis). Unsupervised and supervised analysis indicated that the serum methylome from patients harboring PT was distinct from controls and other CNS diseases. Using the sPTMet as input into a machine learning algorithm, we generated a PT score that classified the serum of an independent cohort as PT or non-PT, with high accuracy. We identified serum-derived differentially methylated probes (DMP, n=3288) that distinguished PT according to their function (functioning and nonfunctioning). When overlapped with an independent cohort, these DMP also distinguished PT tissue according to their functional status. Conclusion: Our results showed the feasibility to identify PT-specific methylation signatures by profiling the methylome of serum cfDNA from patients with PT. These signatures distinguished PT from other CNS tumors and according to their subtypes. These results underpin the potential role of methylation profile and liquid biopsy as a noninvasive approach to assess clinically relevant molecular features. Potentially, tumor-specific serum-derived methylation signature may be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and surveillance tool as well to identify actionable molecular markers in patients with PT.

scholarly journals A Bioinformatics Analysis of the Potential Roles of Aquaporin 4 in Human Brain Tumors: An Immune-Related Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zou ◽  
Yu-Long Lan ◽  
Tong Ren ◽  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Aqp4 Expression ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblast ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Vesicle Cycle ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is an ubiquitously expressed membrane protein channel found in the central nervous system and mainly on astrocytes. Recent studies on AQP4 has implicated it in tumorigenesis. It is of interest to determine the potential value of AQP4 in identifying, guiding treatment and prognosticating various types of CNS cancers. This investigation systematically investigated the oncogenic role of AQP4 across 33 CNS tumors found in GEO and TCGA datasets. We found that CNS tumors strongly expressed AQP4. There appeared to be a strong link between the prognosis of patients with a CNS malignancy and degree of AQP4 expression. AQP4 expression influences the degree of CD8+ T-cell infiltration level as well as cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in CNS tumors. Moreover, synaptic vesicle cycle and phosphatidylinositol signaling system-associated functions were also found to be related to AQP4 functional mechanisms. Furthermore, potential AQP4 inhibitors have also been explored by using Specs data base and virtual screening technique. This study contributes toward current knowledge regarding the role of AQP4 in CNS tumors.

scholarly journals IMMU-13. A FAILURE TO RESOLVE INFLAMMATION: ROLE OF RESOLVINS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC CNS TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. i101-i101
Author(s):  
Jessica Clymer ◽  
Chantal Barksdale ◽  
Jaimie Chang ◽  
Nicholas Kieran ◽  
Megan Sulciner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Cns Tumors

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Central Nervous System Tumors: Results from the CERENAT Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle BALDI ◽  
Lucie De Graaf ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier ◽  
Anne Gruber ◽  
Hugues Loiseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The etiology of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains largely unknown. The role of pesticide exposure has been suggested by several epidemiological studies, but with no definitive conclusion. Objective: To analyze associations between occupational pesticide exposure and primary CNS tumors in adults in the CERENAT study. Methods: CERENAT is a multicenter case-control study conducted in France in 2004-2006. Data about occupational pesticide uses - in and outside agriculture - were collected during detailed face-to-face interviews and reviewed by experts for consistency and exposure assignment. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 596 cases (273 gliomas, 218 meningiomas, 105 others) and 1 192 age- and sex-matched controls selected in the general population were analyzed. Direct and indirect exposures to pesticides in agriculture were respectively assigned to 125 (7.0%) and 629 (35.2%) individuals and exposure outside agriculture to 146 (8.2%) individuals. For overall agricultural exposure, we observed no increase in risk for all brain tumors (OR=1.04, 0.69-1.57) and a slight increase for gliomas (OR=1.37, 0.79-2.39). Risks for gliomas were higher when considering agricultural exposure for more than 10 years (OR=2.22, 0.94-2.24) and significantly trebled in open field agriculture (OR=3.58, 1.20-0.70). Increases in risk were also observed in non-agricultural exposures, especially in green space workers who were directly exposed (OR=1.89, 0.82-4.39), and these were statistically significant for those exposed for over 10 years (OR=2.84, 1.15-6.99). Discussion: These data support some previous findings regarding the potential role of occupational exposures to pesticides in CNS tumors, both inside and outside agriculture.

scholarly journals Editorial: The Role of Modern Neuro-oncology in the Treatment of Primary CNS Tumors, and Brain and Spinal Metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Maldaun ◽  
Sujit Prabhu ◽  
Claudio Tatsui ◽  
Luis Souhami
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Cns Tumors

scholarly journals Maternal and perinatal factors are associated with risk of pediatric central nervous system tumors and poorer survival after diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽  
Erin C. Peckham-Gregory ◽  
Jeremy M. Schraw ◽  
Murali Chintagumpala ◽  
Stephen C. Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Findings on the role of maternal and perinatal factors on the susceptibility or outcome of these tumors are inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the association between these early-life factors, risk, and survival of pediatric CNS tumors, using data from one of the world’s largest and most diverse cancer registries. Information on pediatric CNS tumor cases (n = 1950) for the period 1995–2011 was obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry. Birth certificate controls were frequency-matched on birth year at a ratio of 10:1 for the same period. Evaluated maternal and perinatal variables were obtained from birth records. Unconditional logistic regression was used to generate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for etiological factors. Additionally, Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for survival factors. The results indicated that Hispanic and non-Hispanic black mothers were less likely to have children with CNS tumors compared to non-Hispanic white mothers (OR 0.88 [95% CI 0.78–0.98] P-value = 0.019; OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.67–0.93 P-value = 0.004], respectively). Infants born large for gestational age (OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.07–1.47] P-value = 0.004) and those delivered pre-term (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.04–1.38] P-value = 0.013) showed an increased risk of CNS tumors. Infants born by vaginal forceps or vacuum delivery had a higher risk of CNS tumors compared to those born by spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.12–1.62] P-value = 0.002). Additionally, offspring of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black mothers showed a higher risk of death (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.16–1.80] P-value = 0.001; HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.12–2.09] P-value = 0.008, respectively). Infants born by cesarean had a higher risk of death compared to those delivered vaginally (HR 1.28 [95% CI 1.05–1.57] P-value = 0.016). These findings indicate the important role of maternal and perinatal characteristics in the etiology and survival of these clinically significant malignancies.

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