scholarly journals Hot Cell-Direct PCR Aimed at Specific Cell Detection

10.5772/65806 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Kubo ◽  
Yuko H. Itoh ◽  
Shunsuke Furutani
Keyword(s):  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Direct Pcr

Fine Structure of Cytochalasin Induced Polyploid Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Nestor Bohonos
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Nuclear Surface ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Polyploid Cells

Cytochalasin B, a mould metabolite from Helminthosporium dermatioideum has been shown to interfere with specific cell activities such as cytoplasmic cleavage and cell movement. Cells undergoing nuclear division in the presence of cytochalasin B are unable to complete the separation of the resulting daughter cells. In time-lapse studies, the daughter cells coalesce after an initial unsuccessful attempt at separation and form large multinucleate polyploid cells. The present report describes the fine structure of the large polyploid cells induced in Earle's L-cell monolayer cultures by exposure to cytochalasin B (lγ/ml) for 92 hours.In the present material we have seen as many as 7 nuclei in these polyploid cells. Treatment with cytochalasin B for longer periods of time (6 to 7 days, with one medium change on the 3rd day) did not increase the number of nuclei beyond the 7 nuclei stage. Figure 1 shows a large polyploid cell with four nuclei. These nuclei are indistinguishable in their fine structure from those of the cells from control cultures but often show unusually large numbers of cytoplasmic invaginations and extensions of the nuclear surface (Figure 2).

Correlative transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopic studies on pituitary cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Intracellular Structure

Extensive cytological and histological research, correlated with physiological experimental analysis, have been done on the anterior pituitaries of many different vertebrates which have provided the knowledge to create the concept that specific cell types synthesize, store and release their specific hormones. These hormones are stored in or associated with granules. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts - that need further studies, specially on the ultrastructure and physiology of these endocrine cells during the process of synthesis, transport and secretion, whereas some new methods may provide the information about the intracellular structure and activity in detail.In the present work, ultrastructural study of the hormone-secretory cells of chicken pituitaries have been done by using TEM as well as HR-SEM, to correlate the informations obtained from 2-dimensional TEM micrography with the 3-dimensional SEM topographic images, which have a continous surface with larger depth of field that - offers the adventage to interpretate some intracellular structures which were not possible to see using TEM.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

Neutrophil/lymphocyte Ratio after Flow Citometry Periferic Blood Cell Detection - Predictive Marker of Anastomotic Fistula in Colorectal Cancer Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Dumitru Radulescu ◽  
Vlad Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Andrei Nicolaescu ◽  
Marius Lazar ◽  
Marius Bica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rectal Surgery ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Colon And Rectal Surgery ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Anastomotic Fistula ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Anastomotic fistula is a dreadful complication of colon and rectal surgery that can put life into danger, being common after colorectal surgery. The preoperative lymphocyte neutrophil ratio (NLR) is known as a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients. The existence of a predictive marker of anastomotic fistula in colorectal cancer patients is not fully undestood, so we proposed to investigate the utility of preoperative NLR as a predictor of anastomotic fistula formation. This study the Neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected from periferic blood using flow citometry. We retrospectively evaluated 161 patients with colorectal cancer, who were treated curatively, in which at least one anastomosis was performed, comparing NLR values between patients who had fistula and those with normal healing, then comparing the group with low NLR, with the group with increased NLR, after finding the optimal value of NLR using the ROC curve.The optimal value of the NLR after establishing the cutoff value was 3.07. Between the low NLR group (n=134) and the high NLR group (n=27), were observed statistically significant differences in fistula (p [0.001) and death (p=0.001). The odds ratio for failure in the group with increased NLR was 10.37, which means that patients with NLR]3.54 have a chance of developing anastomotic fistula greater than 10.37 comparable to patients with lower NLR. We suggest the preoperative use of NLR can be used as a predictive marker of anastomotic fistula than can increase the quality of preoperative preparation and therefore the establishment of the optimal surgical technique that can lead to anastomotic fistula risk decrease.

Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Termini ◽  
Enrique Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

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