scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Functional Gastrointestinal Disease Regulated by Nervous System

10.5772/65767 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor V. Chaban
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disease

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Implications and Beneficial Effects against Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Elemer Simon ◽  
Lavinia Florina Călinoiu ◽  
Laura Mitrea ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still a common functional gastrointestinal disease that presents chronic abdominal symptoms but with a pathophysiology that is not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, the use of the synergistic combination of prebiotics and probiotics, known as synbiotics, for IBS therapy is still in the early stages. Advancements in technology led to determining the important role played by probiotics in IBS, whereas the present paper focuses on the detailed review of the various pathophysiologic mechanisms of action of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics via multidisciplinary domains involving the gastroenterology (microbiota modulation, alteration of gut barrier function, visceral hypersensitivity, and gastrointestinal dysmotility) immunology (intestinal immunological modulation), and neurology (microbiota–gut–brain axis communication and co-morbidities) in mitigating the symptoms of IBS. In addition, this review synthesizes literature about the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of prebiotics and synbiotics for patients with IBS, discussing clinical studies testing the efficiency and outcomes of synbiotics used as therapy for IBS.

scholarly journals Treatment of Refractory Mastocytic Enterocolitis with Budesonide

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-329
Author(s):  
Merin Elizabeth Kuruvilla ◽  
Sonia Mathew ◽  
Vaidehi Avadhani
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disease

Mast cells (MCs) are being increasingly implicated as a possible contributor to symptoms in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The term “mastocytic enterocolitis” was proposed to describe an increase in mucosal MCs in patients with chronic diarrhea due to functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID). The efficacy of anti–MC mediator therapy (antihistamines and MC stabilizers) has been well documented in this setting. Here we describe the treatment with oral budesonide of mastocytic enterocolitis refractory to standard anti-MC therapy.

scholarly journals Identification of potential biomarkers for abdominal pain in IBS patients by bioinformatics approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Lin ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Shiqing Lin ◽  
Decheng Liu ◽  
Guohui Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort and pain. The mechanisms of abdominal pain, as a relevant symptom, in IBS are still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes and neurobiological changes specially involved in abdominal pain in IBS. Methods Gene expression data (GSE36701) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Fifty-three rectal mucosa samples from 27 irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and 40 samples from 21 healthy volunteers as controls were included. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then a protein–protein interaction network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape. Results The microarray analysis demonstrated a subset of genes (CCKBR, CCL13, ACPP, BDKRB2, GRPR, SLC1A2, NPFF, P2RX4, TRPA1, CCKBR, TLX2, MRGPRX3, PAX2, CXCR1) specially involved in pain transmission. Among these genes, we identified GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1 genes as potential biomarkers for irritating abdominal pain of IBS patients. Conclusions Overexpression of certain pain-related genes (GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1) may contribute to chronic visceral hypersensitivity, therefore be partly responsible for recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort in IBS patients. Several synapses modification and biological process of psychological distress may be risk factors of IBS.

Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3930-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Russo ◽  
Claudia Cristiano ◽  
Carmen Avagliano ◽  
Carmen De Caro ◽  
Giovanna La Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms, which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide (OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes. Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review, we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids, focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in the central nervous system diseases.

Autonomic nervous system dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Salvioli ◽  
G. Pellegatta ◽  
M. Malacarne ◽  
F. Pace ◽  
A. Malesci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Unexplained somatic complaints in relation to paroxysmal EEG phenomena and localised abnormalities in the electroencephalogram

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Van Bork ◽  
E.H.J.F. Boezeman ◽  
H.J. Duivenvoorden
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Somatization Disorder ◽  
Hyperventilation Syndrome ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Atypical Headache ◽  
Functional Complaints

SummaryA positive significant relationship (p<0,01) is found between a psychiatric judgement on autonomic nervous system complaints and a “blind” neurological judgement on paroxysmal EEG phenomena. Classification: Somatization Disorder (DSM-III-R; IV 300.81). Diagnoses: nervous functional complaints, hyperventilation syndrome, Da Costa's disease (irritable heart syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia) and irritable bowel syndrome. A positive significant relationship (p<0,001) is found between a diagnosis of “Da Costa's disease” and a “blind” neurological judgement on PEF. A positive significant relationship (p<0,001) is found between a psychiatric judgement on neurasthenia (atypical headache and atypical tiredness) classified as dysthymia DSM-IH-R 300.40 and a neurological judgement on localised (cortical) abnormalities by “blind” EEG evaluation. No medication in the last half year. Logistic regression analysis (n=116) revealed that sex and age are of no importance. No medication in the last half year before EEG registration.

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