Identification of Some New Generation Additives for Polymers Obtained in the Catalytic Hydrogenation Process

Sugar alcohol or sorbitol is a derivative product of carbohydrates, namely glucose through the hydrogenation process with hydrogen gas. The glucose used comes from flour, because the carbohydrate content in tapioca flour is considered the highest compared to other flour ingredients. Before the hydrogenation process is carried out, tapioca flour is enzymatically hydrolyzed so that the starch is broken down into glucose. The process of making sorbitol can be done in two ways, namely the electrolysis reduction process and the hydrogenation process with the help of a nickel catalyst. This literature study aims to determine the technology for making sorbitol and its advantages and disadvantages, both in terms of product and process, so that it can be used as a reference in selecting processes in sorbitol manufacturing plants. The catalytic hydrogenation process has advantages, namely the resulting yield is greater and the operating costs are relatively cheaper. The catalytic hydrogenation process also has several disadvantages, namely that it requires good safety handling because it requires high pressure in the process.

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Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxides on Immobilized Ru Functionalistic Catalysts

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.227 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 227-234

Author(s):

Li Ping Ma ◽

Wen Juan Xu

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Catalyst Preparation ◽

Reaction Process ◽

Hydrogenation Process ◽

Main Production ◽

Water Gas ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation Process

Functionalized catalyst preparation is a new and attractive method for hydrogenation of carbon dioxides. Three kind of carriers were functionalized firstly and then Ru was immobilized on the carriers. Continuous catalytic hydrogenation process was used to evaluate the activity of the catalyst on fixed-bed. It was found that the main production are formic acid and CO at 10MPa, and both the selectivity and recovery of CO are more than 90%, the hydrogen reaction mechanism could be explained with the reversed water gas reaction process. This may offer a new way for the reuse of CO2.

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Novel continuous catalytic hydrogenation process for the synthesis of diacetone-d-allose

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification ◽

10.1016/j.cep.2016.10.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 2-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anne Müller ◽

Jana Kanz ◽

Stefan Haase ◽

Karin Becker ◽

Hans-Matthias Vorbrodt

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽

Hydrogenation Process ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation Process

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Single-atom catalysts for thermal- and electro-catalytic hydrogenation reactions

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta07910g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingfang Zhang ◽

Hongjuan Zhang ◽

Yongmeng Wu ◽

Cuibo Liu ◽

Yi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

Single Atom ◽

Hydrogenation Reactions ◽

New Generation

Hydrogenation reactions are among the most significant transformations in chemical, energy, and environmental industries, which calls for a new generation of promising catalysts towards economic growth and environmental sustainability. Single-atom...

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Catalytic Hydrogenation of Post-Mature Hydrocarbon Source Rocks Under Deep-Derived Fluids: An Example of Early Cambrian Yurtus Formation, Tarim Basin, NW China

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.626111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Huang Xiaowei ◽

Jin Zhijun ◽

Liu Quanyou ◽

Meng Qingqiang ◽

Zhu Dongya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tarim Basin ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽

Simulation Experiment ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Early Cambrian ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Gaseous Products ◽

Generation Capacity ◽

Deep Sources ◽

Catalytic Hydrogenation Process

As a link between the internal and external basin, the deep derived fluids play a key role during the processes of hydrocarbon (HC) formation and accumulation in the form of organic-inorganic interaction. Two questions remain to be answered: How do deep-derived fluids affect HC generation in source rocks by carrying a large amount of matter and energy, especially in post-mature source rocks with weak HC generation capability? Can hydrogen and catalysts from deep sources significantly increase the HC generation potential of the source rock? In this study, we selected the post-mature kerogen samples of the early Cambrian Yurtus Formation in the Tarim Basin of China. Under the catalytic environment of ZnCl2 and MoS2, closed system gold tube thermal simulation experiments were conducted to quantitatively verify the contribution of catalytic hydrogenation to "HC promotion" by adding H2. The catalytic hydrogenation increased the kerogen HC generation capacity by 1.4–2.1 times. The catalytic hydrogenation intensity reaction increased with temperature. The drying coefficient of the generated gas decreased significantly as the increasing yield of heavy HC gas. In the simulation experiment, alkane δ13C becomes lighter after the catalytic hydrogenation experiment, while δ13CCO2 becomes heavier. In the process of catalytic hydrogenation, the number of gaseous products catalyzed by ZnCl2 is higher than that catalyzed by MoS2 under the same conditions, indicating that ZnCl2 is a better catalyst for the generation of gaseous yield. Meanwhile, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FFT) reaction was happened in the catalytic hydrogenation process. The simulation experiment demonstrates that hydrogen-rich components and metal elements in deep-derived fluids have significant catalytic hydrogenation effects on organic-rich matter, which improved the HC generation efficiency of post-mature source rocks.

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Finding the Right Problems: Some HREM Applications to Interfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111938 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 376-379

Author(s):

D. Cherns

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundaries ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Boundary Structure ◽

Atomic Structures ◽

Grain Boundary Structure ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Point To Point ◽

The Right ◽

New Generation ◽

Better Than

The use of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the atomic structure of grain boundaries and interfaces is a topic of great current interest. Grain boundary structure has been considered for many years as central to an understanding of the mechanical and transport properties of materials. Some more recent attention has focussed on the atomic structures of metalsemiconductor interfaces which are believed to control electrical properties of contacts. The atomic structures of interfaces in semiconductor or metal multilayers is an area of growing interest for understanding the unusual electrical or mechanical properties which these new materials possess. However, although the point-to-point resolutions of currently available HREMs, ∼2-3Å, appear sufficient to solve many of these problems, few atomic models of grain boundaries and interfaces have been derived. Moreover, with a new generation of 300-400kV instruments promising resolutions in the 1.6-2.0 Å range, and resolutions better than 1.5Å expected from specialist instruments, it is an appropriate time to consider the usefulness of HREM for interface studies.

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Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130092 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1092-1093

Author(s):

Jorge Perdigao

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Mechanical Interlocking ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Agent Based ◽

Dentin Bonding ◽

Acid Agent ◽

Bond Strengths ◽

Main Component ◽

Bonding Systems ◽

New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

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