scholarly journals Microsatellites as a Tool for the Study of Microevolutionary Process in Native Forest Trees

10.5772/65042 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Barrandeguy ◽  
Maria Victoria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees

Greenhouse gas fluxes from an oil palm plantation on mineral soil in Indonesia undergoing riparian restoration 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella White ◽  
Ribka Sionita Tarigan ◽  
Anak Agung Ketut Aryawan ◽  
Edgar Turner ◽  
Sarah Luke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Riparian Restoration ◽  
Enrichment Planting ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

<p>Oil palm (OP) growers are under pressure to reduce their environmental impact. Ecosystem function and biodiversity are at the forefront of the issue, but what effect do changes in management practices have on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from plantations? </p><p>The Riparian Ecosystem Restoration in Tropical Agriculture (RERTA) Project is a collaboration between the University of Cambridge and the SMART Research Institute in Riau, Indonesia. This project explores the ecological changes resulting from the restoration of riparian margins between plantations and watercourses. Four management strategies were applied on both sides of a river to create 50m riparian buffers, 400m in length: (1) A control treatment of no restoration, the removal of mature OP and replanting of young OP to the river margin; (2) Little to no agricultural management of mature OP; (3) Clearance of mature OP and enrichment planting with native forest trees; (4) Little or no agricultural management of mature OP and enrichment planting with native forest trees. Here we present a specific objective to investigate the effect of riparian restoration – and related changes in soil characteristics, structure and vegetation cover – on fluxes of N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> from mineral soils.</p><p>The experimental site began as a mature OP plantation, with monthly background measurements taken between January and April 2019. Palms were felled in April 2019 and monthly sampling was resumed when replanting and restoration began, in October 2019. We measured GHGs using static chambers; 6 in each riparian treatment and 16 in the actual OP plantation, 40 chambers in total. Samples were analysed using GC-FID/µECD.</p><p>Background measurements before felling showed high variability, but indicated no difference between the four experimental plots and the rest of the plantation. Fluxes measured following replanting were also highly variable, with no significant differences observed between treatments. N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were relatively low before felling as the mature palms were no longer fertilised. Higher emissions were seen in the disturbed immature OP and forest tree treatments following replanting. Though the sites appeared to recover quickly and emission fluxes decreased after a few months, presumably as the soil settled and new vegetation began to grow. CH<sub>4</sub> uptake was seen in the immature OP treatment immediately after replanting. In subsequent months no clear trends of CH<sub>4</sub> uptake or emission were observed, with the greatest variability generally seen in the forest tree treatment. CH<sub>4</sub> emissions increased in October 2020 with the beginning of the rainy season, most notably in mature OP and mature OP with forest tree treatments. Following restoration CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were higher in treatments with established plant communities – mature OP and mature OP with forest trees.</p><p>These results suggest that riparian restoration had no significant effect on GHG fluxes from mineral soils, and would not alter the overall GHG budget of a plantation. If there is no additional GHG burden and riparian restoration results in enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services as well as improving water quality, it will be a viable management option to improve the environmental impact of an OP plantation.</p>

Cacao, Shade, and Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Dale Walters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
And Function ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

In its natural habitat, cacao grows in the shade of larger trees. In fact, 70 percent of the world’s cacao is grown with some level of shade. This comes mostly from native forest trees, thinned out to provide space for cacao seedlings to be planted, or to a lesser extent, from trees specially planted to provide shade. This mixture of shade trees and shrubs creates a three-tier canopy, resulting in a multi-species system similar in structure and function to a forest, known as an agroforest. Cacao agroforestry systems include full-sun cacao, diversified-shade cacao, and specialized-shade cacao. Achieving an appropriate level of shading for cacao is important, since it affects yield and can influence pest and disease outbreaks. Shade in cacao also helps to maintain biodiversity, so getting shade right in cacao agroforestry is important. This chapter examines the benefits and problems associated with growing cacao with and without shade.

scholarly journals Nursery Cultural Techniques Facilitate Restoration of Acacia koa Competing with Invasive Grass in a Dry Tropical Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Jacobs ◽  
Anthony S. Davis ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Owen T. Burney
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

Anthropogenic activity has caused persistent and prominent losses of forest cover in dry tropical forests. Natural regeneration of forest trees in grazed areas often fails due to lack of seed sources and consumption by ungulates. To address this, the effective restoration of such sites often requires fencing and outplanting nursery-grown seedlings. In the degraded, dry forests of tropical Hawaii, USA, an additional challenge to restoration of native forest trees is the introduced kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus). This invasive, rapidly growing rhizomatous plant forms deep, dense mats. We studied the use of nursery cultural techniques to facilitate the establishment of koa (Acacia koa) seedlings outplanted amidst well-established kikuyu grass on a volcanic cinder cone on the dry, western side of Hawaii Island. Seedlings were grown four months in three container sizes (49, 164, 656 cm3) and with four rates (0, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 kg m−3) of 15–9–12 (NPK) controlled-release fertilizer incorporated into media prior to sowing. After 16 months in the field, seedling survival was > 80% for all treatments with two exceptions: the non-fertilized 49 cm3 (78%) and 164 cm3 (24%) containers. After 10 years, only these two treatments had significantly lower survival (35% and 10%, respectively) than the other treatments. One year following planting, none of the non-fertilized seedlings had transitioned to phyllodes from juvenile true leaves, regardless of container size. For the fertilized 656 cm3 container treatment, 78%–85% of seedlings had phyllodes, with mean values increasing by fertilizer rate. Phyllodes are known to confer greater drought resistance than true leaves in koa, which may help to explain the improved survival of fertilized trees on this relatively dry site. Overall, nursery fertilization was more influential on seedling height and diameter response than container size after outplanting. However, the largest container (656 cm3) with the addition of fertilizer, produced significantly larger trees than all other treatments during the early regeneration phase; early growth differences tended to fade at 10 years due to inter-tree canopy competition. Although koa is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through rhizobium associations, our data confirm the importance of nursery fertilization in promoting regeneration establishment. Nursery cultural techniques may play an important role in forest restoration of dry tropical sites invaded by exotic vegetation.

scholarly journals Germination rates of four Chilean forest trees seeds: Quillaja saponaria, Prosopis chilensis, Vachellia caven, and Caesalpinia spinosa

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Âlvaro Plaza ◽  
Miguel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
Prosopis Chilensis

Data on the germination rates of four tree species, natively founded in the Chilean Mediterranean-climate zone, were determined by germination in crop chambers. The obtained data were used to interpolate or extrapolate the time taken for 50% of seeds to germinate in each case. These results are useful for regional native forest research and, in a broad sense, for its use in models to study germination dynamics in Mediterranean-climate zones.

scholarly journals Novel species of Huntiella from naturally-occurring forest trees in Greece and South Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
FeiFei Liu ◽  
Seonju Marincowitz ◽  
ShuaiFei Chen ◽  
Michael Mbenoun ◽  
Panaghiotis Tsopelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Culture Characteristics

Huntiella species are wood-infecting, filamentous ascomycetes that occur in fresh wounds on a wide variety of tree species. These fungi are mainly known as saprobes although some have been associated with disease symptoms. Six fungal isolates with typical culture characteristics of Huntiella spp. were collected from wounds on native forest trees in Greece and South Africa. The aim of this study was to identify these isolates, using morphological characters and multigene phylogenies of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, portions of the β-tubulin (BT1) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) genes. The mating strategies of these fungi were also determined through PCR amplification of mating type genes. The study revealed two new species; one from Platanus orientalis in Greece and one from Colophospermum mopane and Senegalia nigrescens in South Africa. These novel taxa have been provided with the names, H. hellenicasp. nov. and H. krugerisp. nov., respectively. The former species was found to have a homothallic and the latter a heterothallic mating system.

scholarly journals ON A NEW SPECIES OF APHIS AFFECTING THE PINE

1881 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
WM. H. Ashmead
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
A New Species

Among our native forest trees, none, unless it is the oak, suffer more from the depredations of insect enemies than the pine. Distributed as it is—from the Arctic to the Tropics—climatologically speaking, it becomes a prey to every conceivable form of insect life.

Forest Trees of North America

1880 ◽  
Vol 9 (234supp) ◽  
pp. 3730-3730
Author(s):  
Charles S. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Forest Trees

TWO NEW SEVERE LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON FOREST TREES OF JALGAON (MAHARASTRA) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. FIRDOUSI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Severe Leaf

During the survey of the forest fungal disease, of Jalgaon district, two severe leaf spot diseases on Lannae coromandelica and ( Ougenia dalbergioides (Papilionaceae) were observed in Jalgaon, forest during July to September 2016-17. The casual organism was identified as Stigmina lanneae and Phomopsis sp. respectively1-4,7. These are first report from Jalgaon and Maharashtra state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document