scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Organ Procurement and Transplantation

10.5772/64922 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Howard ◽  
Danielle L. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement

Current ethical issues in organ procurement and transplantation

JAMA ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 272 (21) ◽  
pp. 1708-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement

Donation Education for Medical Students: Enhancing the Link between Physicians and Procurement Professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian C. Essman ◽  
Daniel J. Lebovitz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Organ And Tissue Donation ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Organ Procurement Organizations

Purpose Increasing healthcare professionals' knowledge about organ and tissue donation; the national mandates regarding referral compliance; and the effect on donors, donor families, and transplant recipients is a challenging task. Physicians not routinely involved in organ donation or transplantation are some of the most difficult professionals for organ procurement organizations to access. A course for medical students was developed to initiate the transfer of information, comfort, and familiarity with the organ and tissue donation process. Methods Discussions with a local medical school revealed that little organized education on organ and tissue donation existed. An elective course was developed consisting of 2-hour lectures, once a week for 6 weeks. Topics included an overview of tissue and organ donation, history and significance of the current crisis, determination of brain death and its role in organ donation, tissue donation, pretransplant and posttransplant processes, ethical issues, and the donor family and recipient experience. Results A thorough course proposal was presented to the medical school's Chairman of Surgery and Chairman of Transplantation. The proposal was approved for first- and second-year medical students. Conclusion Offering medical students a unique and comprehensive course may attract curious students who could become future champions for donation. This type of educational approach may significantly influence future interactions between physicians and organ procurement organizations. If more organ procurement organizations implement this type of program, the medical students' knowledge of donation will not only affect and benefit the local organ procurement organization's service area but other procurement organizations throughout the country as well.

An assessment of advance relatives approach for brain death organ donation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Carine Michaut ◽  
Antoine Baumann ◽  
Hélène Gregoire ◽  
Corinne Laviale ◽  
Gérard Audibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Tissue Procurement ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Network Administrators

Background: Advance announcement of forthcoming brain death has developed to enable intensivists and organ procurement organisation coordinators to more appropriately, and separately from each other, explain to relatives brain death and the subsequent post-mortem organ donation opportunity. Research aim: The aim was to assess how potentially involved healthcare professionals perceived ethical issues surrounding the strategy of advance approach. Research design: A multi-centre opinion survey using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was conducted in the six-member hospitals of the publicly funded East of France regional organ and tissue procurement network called ‘Prélor’. Participants: The study population comprised 460 physicians and nurses in the Neurosurgical, Surgical and Medical Intensive Care Units, the Stroke Units and the Emergency Departments. Ethical considerations: The project was approved by the board of the Lorraine University Diploma in Medical Ethics and the Prélor Network administrators. Main findings: A slight majority of 53.5% of respondents had previously participated in an advance relatives approach: 83% of the physicians and 42% of the nurses. A majority of healthcare professionals (68%) think that the main justification for advance relatives approach is the comprehensive care of the dying patient and the research of his or her most likely opinion (74%). The misunderstanding of the related issues by relatives is an obstacle for 47% of healthcare professionals and 51% think that the answer given by the relatives regarding the most likely opinion of the person regarding post-mortem organ donation really corresponds to the person opinion in only 50% of the cases or less. Conclusion: Time given by advance approach should be employed to help and enable relatives to authentically bear the values and interests of the potential donor in the post-mortem organ donation discussion. Nurses’ attendance of advance relatives approach seems necessary to enable them to optimally support the families facing death and post-mortem organ donation issues.

Putting Patients First in Organ Allocation

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
James F. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Allocation ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Liver Allocation ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Congressional Hearing ◽  
Principles Of Justice

This chapter originated in the author’s testimony before a congressional hearing on organ allocation policy. The ethical issues it addresses remain in play, as evidenced in the 2018–2019 debates about liver allocation policy. This chapter defends the fundamental conviction of the report of the Task Force on Organ Transplantation: Donated organs should be viewed as scarce public resources to be used for the welfare of the community. Organ procurement and transplant teams receive donated organs as “trustees” and “stewards” on behalf of the whole community, that is, the national community (with qualifications). Donated organs should be allocated to patients anywhere in the country according to ethically acceptable standards and logistical constraints, thus reducing the relevance of “accidents of geography” except where these are clearly important for transplantation outcomes. In short, patients, not transplant programs, should be put first. In accord with principles of justice and fairness, it is important to specify and balance, through a public process with public input, several criteria in policies of organ allocation: patient need and probability of successful outcome, along with time on the waiting list. Unless the criteria for patient selection are fair and are perceived to be fair, public distrust may hamper organ donation and perpetuate the scarcity of organs for transplantation.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Medical Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishaly K. Bharambe ◽  
Hetal Rathod ◽  
Kalpana Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
High Level

AbstractIntroduction. All over the world people on organ transplant waiting lists die due to shortage of donor organs. The success of organ donation program needs education of the population regarding organ donation for which healthcare professionals are most suitable. The present study was taken up to assess the knowledge and attitude of 1st, 2ndand 3rdyear medical students about organ donation. Methods. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was distributed amongst all willing 1st, 2nd and 3rdyear medical students at our Medical College and later analyzed statistically. Results. A total of 157, 145 and 92 students from each year of medical education respectively gave their consent for participation in the study. Awareness regarding organ donation was found to be 98.7-100%, 69.4% claimed television as their source of information regarding organ donation and 46.7% stated that it is possible for patient to recover from brain death. The awareness regarding eye, liver, heart and kidney donations was found to be 92.4%, 87%, 87% and 97.8%, respectively. 87% of medical students were aware of need for legal supervision, and awareness regarding the existing laws was found to be 57.6%. Conclusion. Medical students had a high level of awareness and a positive attitude towards organ donation. However, knowledge regarding “brain-death”, organs and tissues donated, legislation and ethical issues was poor. A teaching intervention designed to specifically address these issues could help increase the confidence of the health-care professionals and may result finally in increased organ procurement rates.

scholarly journals Ethical issues of organ donation after cardiac death

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Reznik ◽  
A. E. Skvortcov ◽  
O. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Donation After Cardiac Death ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Transplant Program ◽  
Opposite Position

There is renewal of interests to the organs that could be obtained from asystolic donors. Our goal was to identify ethical issues raised by attempts of classification  and terms such kind of organ donors depended on time and place of cardiac arrest.  Based only on the reasoning of medical experts group these principles going to be  routine State policy. That followed by erased roles of physicians and misleading the  meaning or organ transplant program. From our point of view there should be clear  opposite position between death and life in order to initiate organ procurement  activity. That is possible only in case of artificial blood supply for preserving  transplant-to-be-organs after relevant time between cardiac arrest and start of such kind of perfusion procedure.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ORGAN PROCUREMENT

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Arnold ◽  
Laura A. Siminoff ◽  
Joel E. Frader
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Organ Procurement

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

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