scholarly journals Water Stress Hinders In Vitro Regeneration of Plants

10.5772/64664 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yildiz ◽  
Emine Selcen Darcin ◽  
Ramazan Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration

In vitro regeneration of watermelon seed segments

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ameri ◽  
M. Lahouti ◽  
A. Bagheri ◽  
A. Sharifi ◽  
F. Keykha Akhar
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Watermelon Seed

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change Interacting Abiotic Factors on Growth, aflD and aflR Gene Expression and Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus Strains In Vitro and on Pistachio Nuts

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Alaa Baazeem ◽  
Alicia Rodriguez ◽  
Angel Medina ◽  
Naresh Magan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spoilage Fungi

Pistachio nuts are an important economic tree nut crop which is used directly or processed for many food-related activities. They can become colonized by mycotoxigenic spoilage fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus, mainly resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The prevailing climate in which these crops are grown changes as temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels increase, and episodes of extreme wet/dry cycles occur due to human industrial activity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of interacting Climate Change (CC)-related abiotic factors of temperature (35 vs. 37 °C), CO2 (400 vs. 1000 ppm), and water stress (0.98–0.93 water activity, aw) on (a) growth (b) aflD and aflR biosynthetic gene expression and (c) AFB1 production by two strains A. flavus (AB3, AB10) in vitro on milled pistachio-based media and when colonizing layers of shelled raw pistachio nuts. The A. flavus strains were resilient in terms of growth on pistachio-based media and the colonisation of pistachio nuts with no significant difference when exposed to the interacting three-way climate-related abiotic factors. However, in vitro studies showed that AFB1 production was significantly stimulated (p < 0.05), especially when exposed to 1000 ppm CO2 at 0.98–0.95 aw and 35 °C, and sometimes in the 37 °C treatment group at 0.98 aw. The relative expression of the structural aflD gene involved in AFB1 biosynthesis was decreased or only slightly increased, relative to the control conditions at elevated CO, regardless of the aw level examined. For the regulatory aflR gene expression, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in 1000 ppm CO2 and 37 °C for both strains, especially at 0.95 aw. The in situ colonization of pistachio nuts resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) stimulation of AFB1 production at 35 °C and 1000 ppm CO2 for both strains, especially at 0.98 aw. At 37 °C, AFB1 production was either decreased, in strain AB3, or remained similar, as in strain AB10, when exposed to 1000 ppm CO2. This suggests that CC factors may have a differential effect, depending on the interacting conditions of temperature, exposure to CO2 and the level of water stress on AFB1 production.

A Phytoalexin and Aflatoxin Producing Peanut Seed Culture System

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Basha ◽  
R. J. Cole ◽  
S. K. Pancholy
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract An in vitro seed culture system was established to grow peanut seed of different maturities viz. white, yellow, orange, brown and black, using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under this system peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability. In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins. Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls. The seeds that were stressed with mannitol and subsequently inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed a significant increase in the aflatoxin contamination of stressed seed compared to the unstressed control. This would indicate that in vitro grown seeds responded to water stress similar to the field grown peanuts by loosing their ability to produce phytoalexins and increased susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. Hence, this system has a potential application in evaluating peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stress.

scholarly journals Ovaries of Chrysanthemum Irradiated with High-Energy Photons and High-Energy Electrons Can Regenerate Plants with Novel Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Natalia Miler ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Seweryn Jakubowski ◽  
Janusz Winiecki
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
High Energy Electrons

Classical mutation breeding using physical factors is a common breeding method for ornamental crops. The aim of our study was to examine the utility of ovaries excised from irradiated inflorescences of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) as explants for breeding purposes. We studied the in vitro regeneration capacity of the ovaries of two chrysanthemum cultivars: ‘Profesor Jerzy’ and ‘Karolina’ preceded by irradiation with high-energy photons (total dose 5, 10 and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (total dose 10 Gy). Growth and inflorescence parameters of greenhouse acclimatized regenerants were recorded, and ploidy level was estimated with flow cytometry. The strong impact of genotype on regeneration efficiency was recorded—cultivar ‘Karolina’ produced only 7 viable shoots, while ‘Profesor Jerzy’ produced totally 428 shoots. With an increase of irradiation dose, the regeneration decreased, the least responsive were explants irradiated with 15 Gy high-energy photons and 10 Gy high-energy electrons. Regenerants of ‘Profesor Jerzy’ obtained from these explants possessed shorter stem and flowered later. The highest number of stable, color and shape inflorescence variations were obtained from explants treated with 10 Gy high-energy photons. Variations of inflorescences were predominantly changes of shape—from full to semi-full. New color phenotypes were dark yellow, light yellow and pinkish, among them only the dark yellow phenotype remained stable during second year cultivation. None of the regenerants were haploid. The application of ovaries irradiated within the whole inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be successfully applied in the breeding programs, provided the mother cultivar regenerate in vitro efficiently.

In vitro regeneration of the colorful fern Pteris aspericaulis var. tricolor via green globular bodies system

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Rongpei Yu ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Guoxian Wang ◽  
Jiwei Ruan ◽  
Lifang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration
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