scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease that Links to Host Genotype and Diet

10.5772/64636 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein Min Tun ◽  
Frederick C. Leung ◽  
Kimberly M. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Genotype

scholarly journals The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. H923-H938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilah F. Ahmad ◽  
Girish Dwivedi ◽  
Fergal O’Gara ◽  
Jose Caparros-Martin ◽  
Natalie C. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.

scholarly journals Asthma and obesity: endotoxin another insult to add to injury?

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (24) ◽  
pp. 2729-2748
Author(s):  
Nikita Lad ◽  
Alice M. Murphy ◽  
Cristina Parenti ◽  
Carl P. Nelson ◽  
Neil C. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Low-grade inflammation is often an underlying cause of several chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Defining the mediators of such chronic low-grade inflammation often appears dependent on which disease is being investigated. However, downstream systemic inflammatory cytokine responses in these diseases often overlap, noting there is no doubt more than one factor at play to heighten the inflammatory response. Furthermore, it is increasingly believed that diet and an altered gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathology of such diverse diseases. More specifically, the inflammatory mediator endotoxin, which is a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the outer membrane cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and is abundant within the gut microbiota, and may play a direct role alongside inhaled allergens in eliciting an inflammatory response in asthma. Endotoxin has immunogenic effects and is sufficiently microscopic to traverse the gut mucosa and enter the systemic circulation to act as a mediator of chronic low-grade inflammation in disease. Whilst the role of endotoxin has been considered in conditions of obesity, cardiovascular disease and T2DM, endotoxin as an inflammatory trigger in asthma is less well understood. This review has sought to examine the current evidence for the role of endotoxin in asthma, and whether the gut microbiota could be a dietary target to improve disease management. This may expand our understanding of endotoxin as a mediator of further low-grade inflammatory diseases, and how endotoxin may represent yet another insult to add to injury.

scholarly journals The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 4204-4211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Wilson Tang ◽  
Stanley L. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Role of gut microbiota in chronic low-grade inflammation as potential driver for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of human studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1719-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. L. van den Munckhof ◽  
A. Kurilshikov ◽  
R. ter Horst ◽  
N. P. Riksen ◽  
L. A. B. Joosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Probiotic Consumption in Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor de la Visitación ◽  
Iñaki Robles-Vera ◽  
Marta Toral ◽  
Juan Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
General Populations

The prevalence of renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is higher than in general populations. Recently, a causal role of gut microbiota on the development of immune responses in SLE has been described. Probiotic consumption changes the composition of gut microbiota, preventing SLE progression. The aim of this review is to explore the role of the gut microbiota in the development of renal and cardiovascular disease in SLE and how probiotics could be a therapeutic option. Despite strong evidence on the beneficial effects of probiotics in the development of autoimmunity and nephritis in SLE, only a few studies described the protective effects of Lactobacillus in important risk factors for CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice. The preventive effects of probiotics in renal and CVD in humans have not been established yet.

scholarly journals Exploring the Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Kiera Murphy ◽  
Aoife N. O’Donovan ◽  
Noel M. Caplice ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Catherine Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Increased Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been classified as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVD risk factors include smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, inflammation and diabetes. The gut microbiota can influence human health through multiple interactions and community changes are associated with the development and progression of numerous disease states, including CVD. The gut microbiota are involved in the production of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). These products of microbial metabolism are important modulatory factors and have been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Due to its association with CVD development, the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in CVD development, and associated microbial communities, functions, and metabolic profiles. We also discuss CVD therapeutic interventions that target the gut microbiota such as probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation.

scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oniszczuk ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Marek Gancarz ◽  
Jolanta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Telmisartan in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Asmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Raas Blockade ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Current Guidelines

The worldwide morbidity and mortality burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is overwhelming and caused by increasing life expectancy and an epidemic of risk factors, including hypertension. Therapeutic options targeting different areas of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) to disrupt pathophysiological processes along the cardiovascular continuum are available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are first-line treatments for CVD and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are suitable alternatives. Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs prevent CVD by lowering blood pressure (BP). Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that RAAS blockade can reduce cardiovascular risk beyond what might be expected from BP lowering alone. However, the ARBs are not all equally effective. Telmisartan is a long-lasting ARB that effectively controls BP over the full 24-hour period. Recently, the Ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET) study showed that telmisartan reduces cardiovascular events in high cardiovascular risk patients similarly to the gold standard ACE inhibitor ramipril beyond BP lowering alone, but with a better tolerability. Based on the results of the ONTARGET and Telmisartan randomized assessment study in ACE intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND) studies, telmisartan is indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity. This article aims to review current guidelines for the management of CVD and consider key data from clinical trials and clinical practice evaluating the role of telmisartan in CVD.

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