scholarly journals High-Fat and Cholesterol Intake Affects Brain Homeostasis and Could Accelerate the Development of Dementia: A Systemic View

10.5772/64357 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos ◽  
Perla Leal-Galicia
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Brain Homeostasis ◽  
Systemic View

scholarly journals PKCβ: Expanding role in hepatic adaptation of cholesterol homeostasis to dietary fat/cholesterol

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (3) ◽  
pp. G266-G273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Mehta ◽  
Kamal D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
The Impact

Cholesterol homeostasis relies on an intricate network of cellular processes whose deregulation in response to Western type high-fat/cholesterol diets can lead to several life-threatening pathologies. Significant advances have been made in resolving the molecular identity and regulatory function of transcription factors sensitive to fat, cholesterol, or bile acids, but whether body senses the presence of both fat and cholesterol simultaneously is not known. Assessing the impact of a high-fat/cholesterol load, rather than an individual component alone, on cholesterol homeostasis is more physiologically relevant because Western diets deliver both fat and cholesterol at the same time. Moreover, dietary fat and dietary cholesterol are reported to act synergistically to impair liver cholesterol homeostasis. A key insight into the role of protein kinase C-β (PKCβ) in hepatic adaptation to high-fat/cholesterol diets was gained recently through the use of knockout mice. The emerging evidence indicates that PKCβ is an important regulator of cholesterol homeostasis that ensures normal adaptation to high-fat/cholesterol intake. Consistent with this function, high-fat/cholesterol diets induce PKCβ expression and signaling in the intestine and liver, while systemic PKCβ deficiency promotes accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and bile. PKCβ disruption results in profound dysregulation of hepatic cholesterol and bile homeostasis and imparts sensitivity to cholesterol gallstone formation. The available results support involvement of a two-pronged mechanism by which intestine and liver PKCβ signaling converge on liver ERK1/2 to dictate diet-induced cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. Collectively, PKCβ is an integrator of dietary fat/cholesterol signal and mediates changes to cholesterol homeostasis.

scholarly journals Impaired VLDL assembly: a novel mechanism contributing to hepatic lipid accumulation following ovariectomy and high-fat/high-cholesterol diets?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1592-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Côté ◽  
Natalie A. Chapados ◽  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Vldl Assembly

The aim of the present study was to identify molecular mechanisms involved in liver fat and cholesterol accumulation in ovariectomised (Ovx) rats fed with high-cholesterol diets. VLDL assembly and bile acid metabolism were specifically targeted. After being either Ovx or sham-operated, the rats were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet containing 0, 0·25 or 0·5 % cholesterol for 6 weeks. Although Ovx rats exposed to dietary cholesterol intake accumulated the greatest amount of hepatic fat and cholesterol, plasma cholesterol levels were lower (P< 0·05) in these animals than in the corresponding control rats. Accompanying this observation, ovariectomy and dietary cholesterol intake resulted in a down-regulation (P< 0·05) of the expression of genes associated with VLDL assembly, including microsomal TAG transfer protein, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 and apoB-100 as well as genes associated with bile acid metabolism including farnesoid X receptor and bile salt export pump (P< 0·01). These results indicate that high-fat/high-cholesterol diets and ovariectomy concomitantly disrupt hepatic lipid output through defects in VLDL assembly and, most probably, secretion. The results also point to a defect in hepatic bile acid secretion. The present study offers novel insights into intrahepatic lipid metabolism, which may be relevant to metabolic complications found in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals HEALTH ASPECTS OF FAT AND CHOLESTEROL INTAKE IN EVERYDAY HUMAN NUTRITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Daniela Belichovska ◽  
Zlatko Pejkovski ◽  
Aleksandra Silovska Nikolova ◽  
Katerina Belichovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

Fat and cholesterol are an important group of nutrients that should be limited in the diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular and carcinogenic diseases are associated with fat-rich diets, but also other chronic health problems can be exacerbated by high-fat diet. Recommendations promoted by the World Health Organization worldwide are reducing fat intake, primarily saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and cholesterol as a way to minimize health risks. All of these recommendations, daily presented to the public, give consumers awareness to take care of their diet.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Induced Anxiety and Anhedonia: Impact on Brain Homeostasis and Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Dutheil ◽  
Kristie T Ota ◽  
Eric S Wohleb ◽  
Kurt Rasmussen ◽  
Ronald S Duman
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Homeostasis

Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Akemi Suzuki ◽  
André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽  
Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽  
Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Flour ◽  
Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

Topical Application of Capsaicin Reduces Visceral Adipose Fat by Affecting Adipokine Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Rak Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Shin ◽  
Dong-Joon Yoon ◽  
Ah-Ram Kim ◽  
Rina Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose
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