Allergic Sensitization in Rhinitis and Asthma

SummaryIron deficiency is associated with atopy. Iron deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic diseases in children, while both allergic children and adults are more likely to have iron deficiency anemia. Immunologically, iron deficiency leads to activation of antigen-presenting cells, promotion of Th2 cells and enables antibody class switch in B cells. In addition, iron deficiency primes mast cells for degranulation, while an increase in their iron content inhibits their degranulation. Many allergens, especially those with lipocalin and lipocalin-like protein structures, are able to bind iron and either deprive or supply this trace element to immune cells. Thus, a local induced iron deficiency will result in immune activation and allergic sensitization. However, lipocalin proteins such as the whey protein β‑lactoglobulin (BLG) can also transport micronutrients into the defense cells (holo-BLG: BLG with micronutrients) and hinder their activation, thereby promoting tolerance and protecting against allergy. Since 2019, several clinical trials have also been conducted in allergic subjects using holo-BLG as a supplementary balanced diet, leading to a reduction in symptom burden. Supplementation with holo-BLG specifically supplied defense cells with micronutrients such as iron and therefore represents a new dietary approach to compensate for functional iron deficiency in allergy sufferers.

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Recent advances in eosinophilic esophagitis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.11798.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1775 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandy Durrani ◽

Marc Rothenberg

Keyword(s):

Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽

Association Studies ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Disease Pathogenesis ◽

Meta Analyses

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, antigen-driven, eosinophil-predominant inflammatory disease of the esophagus and affects both children and adults. Cutting-edge technologies, such as genome-wide association studies, have advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis at a remarkable rate. Recent insights from genetic and mechanistic studies have concluded that a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, allergic sensitization, and esophageal-specific pathways leads to disease pathogenesis. Importantly, recent epidemiologic studies have found that the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis continue to rise. New guidelines have advocated the elimination of the term proton pump inhibitor (PPI)–responsive esophageal eosinophilia and have recommended using PPIs as a first-line treatment modality. Systemic reviews and meta-analyses confirm the efficacy of PPIs, topical corticosteroids, and empiric food elimination diets. Unmet needs include the development of birth cohort studies, validated diagnostic scoring systems, minimally invasive disease-monitoring methods, and the development of new therapies.

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Smell and taste in titanium and nickel allergic sensitization in orthodontic patients

Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research ◽

10.1111/ocr.12379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Martina Zigante ◽

Sandra Peternel ◽

Miranda Muhvic Urek ◽

Marijana Rincic Mlinaric ◽

Darko Pop Acev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Orthodontic Patients

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