scholarly journals Composition and Function of Extracellular Matrix in Development of Skeletal Muscle

10.5772/62645 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zishuai Wang ◽  
Zhonglin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Cytoskeleton and Adhesion in Myogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Luís Costa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Differentiation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Structural Adaptations

The function of muscle is to contract, which means to exert force on a substrate. The adaptations required for skeletal muscle differentiation, from a prototypic cell, involve specialization of housekeeping cytoskeletal contracting and supporting systems into crystalline arrays of proteins. Here I discuss the changes that all three cytoskeletal systems (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) undergo through myogenesis. I also discuss their interaction, through the membrane, to extracellular matrix and to other cells, where force will be exerted during contraction. The three cytoskeletal systems are necessary for the muscle cell and must exert complementary roles in the cell. Muscle is a responsive system, where structure and function are integrated: the structural adaptations it undergoes depend on force production. In this way, the muscle cytoskeleton is a portrait of its physiology. I review the cytoskeletal proteins and structures involved in muscle function and focus particularly on their role in myogenesis, the process by which this incredible muscle machine is made. Although the focus is on skeletal muscle, some of the discussion is applicable to cardiac and smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance from the outside in: extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton, and mitochondria

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. E749-E755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn K. Coletta ◽  
Lawrence J. Mandarino
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
And Function

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a prominent feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The association between mitochondrial changes and insulin resistance is well known. More recently, there is growing evidence of a relationship between inflammation, extracellular remodeling, and insulin resistance. The intent of this review is to propose a potentially novel mechanism for the development of insulin resistance, focusing on the underappreciated connections among inflammation, extracellular remodeling, cytoskeletal interactions, mitochondrial function, and insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. Several sources of inflammation, including expansion of adipose tissue resulting in increased lipolysis and alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, contribute to the insulin resistance observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the experimental model of lipid oversupply, an inflammatory response in skeletal muscle leads to altered expression extracellular matrix-related genes as well as nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes. A similar pattern also is observed in “naturally” occurring insulin resistance in muscle of obese nondiabetic individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. More recently, alterations in proteins (including α-actinin-2, desmin, proteasomes, and chaperones) involved in muscle structure and function have been observed in insulin-resistant muscle. Some of these cytoskeletal proteins are mechanosignal transducers that allow muscle fibers to sense contractile activity and respond appropriately. The ensuing alterations in expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and cytoskeletal proteins may contribute to the mitochondrial changes observed in insulin-resistant muscle. These changes in turn may lead to a reduction in fat oxidation and an increase in intramyocellular lipid, which contributes to the defects in insulin signaling in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Gillies ◽  
Richard L. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix: Composition, Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Inho Choi ◽  
Yong-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Insulin Activity ◽  
Core Tissue ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Function

The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes, and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals The role of extracellular matrix composition in structure and function of bioengineered skeletal muscle

Biomaterials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 3575-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hinds ◽  
Weining Bian ◽  
Robert G. Dennis ◽  
Nenad Bursac
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
And Function

Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and physical training on gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins in mouse skeletal muscle

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. E900-E907 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Maarit Lehti ◽  
Mika Silvennoinen ◽  
Riikka Kivelä ◽  
Heikki Kainulainen ◽  
Jyrki Komulainen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Function

Diabetes induces changes in the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in many tissues. We investigated the effects of diabetes, physical training, and their combination on the gene expression of ECM proteins in skeletal muscle. Mice were divided to control (C), training (T), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and diabetic training (DT) groups. Training groups (T, DT) performed 1, 3, or 5 wk of endurance training on a treadmill. Gene expression of calf muscles was analyzed using microarray and quantitative PCR. Training group samples were collected 24 h after the last training session. Diabetes affected the gene expression of several collagens (types I, III, IV, V, VI, and XV), some noncollagenous glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (e.g., elastin, thrombospondin-1, laminin-2, decorin). Reduced gene expression of collagens in diabetic skeletal muscle was partially attenuated as a result of physical training. In diabetes, mRNA expression of the basement membrane (BM) collagens decreased and that of noncollagenous glycoproteins increased. This may change the structure of the BM in a less collagenous direction and affect its properties.

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