Novel Biomarkers to Understand Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes

Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher risk of mortality, mostly from cardiovascular complications. Standard biomarkers including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria are imprecise, do not directly measure renal tissue injury, and are relatively insensitive to small changes in renal function. Thus, availability of novel biomarkers that are sensitive, specific, and precise as well as able to detect kidney injury and predict clinically significant outcomes would be widely useful in diabetic nephropathy. Novel biomarkers of the processes that induce tubulointerstitial changes may ultimately prove to better predict renal progression and prognosis in type 2 diabetes. Recently, certain biomarkers, which were initially identified in acute kidney injury, also have been reported to confer value in evaluating patients with chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers such as cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), angiotensinogen, periostin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) reflect tubular injury. In this article, we focused on the potential applications of these biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.

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Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Childhood Obesity and Clinical Use

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/174782 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Luc Bruyndonckx ◽

Vicky Y. Hoymans ◽

Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck ◽

Dirk K. Vissers ◽

Christiaan J. Vrints ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Western Society ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Endothelial Integrity

The association of obesity with noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular complications and diabetes, is considered a major threat to the management of health care worldwide. Epidemiological findings show that childhood obesity is rapidly rising in Western society, as well as in developing countries. This pandemic is not without consequences and can affect the risk of future cardiovascular disease in these children. Childhood obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction, the first yet still reversible step towards atherosclerosis. Advanced research techniques have added further insight on how childhood obesity and associated comorbidities lead to endothelial dysfunction. Techniques used to measure endothelial function were further brought to perfection, and novel biomarkers, including endothelial progenitor cells, were discovered. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview on bothin vivoas well asin vitromarkers for endothelial integrity. Additionally, an in-depth description of the mechanisms that disrupt the delicate balance between endothelial damage and repair will be given. Finally, the effects of lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy on endothelial dysfunction will be reviewed.

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Biomarkers in Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Cardiac and Non-Cardiac)

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9020549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 549 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raúl Méndez ◽

Irene Aldás ◽

Rosario Menéndez

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Host Response ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Complications And Mortality

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to infection. Several aspects such as severity and host response are related to its clinical course and outcome. Beyond the acute implications that the infection provokes in the host, pneumonia also has long-term negative consequences. Among them, cardiovascular complications and mortality are the most outstanding. Therefore, an adequate recognition and stratification of the risk of complications and mortality is crucial. Many biomarkers have been studied for these reasons, considering that each biomarker mirrors a different aspect. Moreover, the clinical application of many of them is still being deliberated because of their limitations and the heterogeneity of the disease. In this review, we examine some of the most relevant biomarkers that we have classified as cardiac and non-cardiac. We discuss some classic biomarkers and others that are considered novel biomarkers, which are mainly involved in cardiovascular risk.

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Role of GDF-15, YKL-40 and MMP 9 in patients with end-stage kidney disease: focus on sex-specific associations with vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/s13293-021-00393-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene ◽

Liam J. Ward ◽

Thomas Ebert ◽

Giulia Tosti ◽

Claudia Tucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

End Stage Kidney Disease ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background Sex differences are underappreciated in the current understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A hallmark of CKD is vascular aging that is characterised, amongst others, by; systemic inflammation, microbiota disbalance, oxidative stress, and vascular calcification—features linked to atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis development. Thus, it is the necessary to introduce novel biomarkers related to athero-/arteriosclerotic damage for better assessment of vascular ageing in patients CKD. However, little is known about the relationship between uraemia and novel CVD biomarkers, such as growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Therefore, we hypothesise that there are sex-specific relationships between GDF-15, YKL-40, MMP-9 levels in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients in relation to gut microbiota, vascular calcification, inflammation, comorbidities, and all-cause mortality. Methods ESKD patients, males (n = 151) and females (n = 79), not receiving renal replacement therapy were selected from two ongoing prospective ESKD cohorts. GDF-15, YKL-40 and MMP9 were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Biomarker levels were analysed in the context of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), vascular calcification, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, comorbidities, and all-cause mortality. Results Increased GDF-15 correlated with higher TMAO in females only, and with higher coronary artery calcification and IL-6. In females, diabetes was associated with elevated GDF-15 and MMP-9, whilst males with diabetes only had elevated GDF-15. No associations were found between biomarkers and CVD comorbidity. Deceased males and females had higher GDF-15 concentrations (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), meanwhile only YKL-40 was increased in deceased males (p = 0.02). Conclusions In conclusion, in males GDF-15 and YKL-40 were related to vascular calcification, inflammation, and oxidative stress, whilst in females GDF-15 was related to TMAO. Increased levels of YKL-40 and GDF-15 in males, and only GDF-15 in females, were associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that sex-specific associations of novel CVD biomarkers have a potential to affect development of cardiovascular complications in patients with ESKD.

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Author response for "Serum exosomal microRNAs as novel biomarkers for multiple myeloma"

10.1002/hon.2639/v2/response1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi‐yao Zhang ◽

Yanchen Li ◽

Chuan‐ying Geng ◽

Huixing Zhou ◽

Wen Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Author Response ◽

Novel Biomarkers

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Cardiovascular complications during medication adjustment for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1372085 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 122 (03) ◽

Author(s):

M Shlyakhova ◽

JW Lenders ◽

J Deinum

Keyword(s):

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Medication Adjustment

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Update CACOCA Trial (cardiovascular complications of cancer treatment)

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1375924 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (05) ◽

Author(s):

F Kocher ◽

B Föger ◽

M Fiegl ◽

M Fridrik ◽

G Gastl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cardiovascular Complications

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Mechanisms for Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes - Implications for Personalized Therapy

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.63.s30.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

E Dale Abel

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Personalized Therapy ◽

Complications Of Diabetes

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Pregnancy-Related Cardiovascular Complications: Case Presentation and Review of Literature

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1654 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. E248-E254 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hasan Baki Altinsoy ◽

Ozkan Alatas ◽

Salih Colak ◽

Hakan Atalay ◽

Omer Faruk Dogan

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Median Time ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Time To Diagnosis ◽

Valve Thrombosis ◽

Placental Blood

Background: Cardiovascular complications that can cause severe catastrophic outcomes for both the mother and the fetus are rarely seen during pregnancy. Time to diagnosis is often delayed by a low degree of suspicion and atypical presentation. We report surgical strategies in three pregnant women with cardiovascular complications. Methods: A retrospective search from 2009 to 2016 identified three pregnant women who underwent urgent cardiac surgery. We used extracorporeal circulation (ECC) without cesarean section with careful follow-up of the fetuses during the perioperative and postoperative period. We used levosimendan as a potent inodilator in all patients to increase feto-placental blood flow and fetal heart rhythm.Results: Median time to diagnosis was 23.8 h (range 11.7-120 h) and median time from diagnosis to arrival in the operating theater was 9.8 h (range 7.4-19.8 h). One patient with prosthetic heart valve thrombosis underwent concomitant cesarean section prior to cardiac surgery. In a young pregnant woman who had spontaneous dissection of the left anterior descending artery, on-pump beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting was performed without cross clamping. Two and three months after surgery, cesarean sections were performed without any complication in two pregnant women.Conclusion: Because unusual cardiovascular complications are the main cause of maternal and/or fetus death during pregnancy, prompt and exact diagnosis is very important. Life-saving surgical strategy with the help of appropriate teams are necessary to optimize outcome for both mother and baby.

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