scholarly journals Cannabinoids and Motor Control of the Basal Ganglia: Therapeutic Potential in Movement Disorders

10.5772/62438 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Morera-Herreras ◽  
Cristina Miguelez ◽  
Asier Aristieta ◽  
María Torrecilla ◽  
José Ángel Ruiz-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential

Basal ganglia local field potentials: applications in the development of new deep brain stimulation devices for movement disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marceglia ◽  
Lorenzo Rossi ◽  
Guglielmo Foffani ◽  
AnnaMaria Bianchi ◽  
Sergio Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Deep Brain

Motor Subcircuits Mediating the Control of Movement Velocity: A PET Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Turner ◽  
Scott T. Grafton ◽  
John R. Votaw ◽  
Mahlon R. Delong ◽  
John M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
Linear Contrasts ◽  
Rate Of Movement

Turner, Robert S., Scott T. Grafton, John R. Votaw, Mahlon R. DeLong, and John M. Hoffman. Motor subcircuits mediating the control of movement velocity: a PET study. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2162–2176, 1998. The influence of changes in the mean velocity of movement on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using positron emission tomography (PET) in nine healthy right-handed adults while they performed a smooth pursuit visuomanual tracking task. Images of relative rCBF were obtained while subjects moved a hand-held joystick to track the movement of a target at three different rates of a sinusoidal displacement (0.1, 0.4, and 0.7 Hz). Significant changes in rCBF between task conditions were detected using analysis of variance and weighted linear contrasts. The kinematics of arm and eye movements indicated that subjects performed tasks in a similar manner, particularly during the faster two tracking conditions. Significant increases in rCBF during arm movement (relative to an eye tracking only control condition) were detected in a widespread network of areas known for their involvement in motor control. The activated areas included primary sensorimotor (M1S1), dorsal and mesial premotor, and dorsal parietal cortices in the left hemisphere and to a lesser extent the sensorimotor and superior parietal cortices in the right hemisphere. Subcortically, activations were found in the left putamen, globus pallidus (GP), and thalamus, in the right basal ganglia, and in the right anterior cerebellum. Within the cerebral volume activated with movement, three areas had changes in rCBF that correlated positively with the rate of movement: left M1S1, left GP, and right anterior cerebellum. No movement-related sites had rCBF that correlated negatively with the rate of movement. Regressions of mean percent change (MPC) in rCBF onto mean hand velocity yielded two nonoverlapping subpopulations of movement-related loci, the three sites with significant rate effects and regression slopes steeper than 0.17 MPC⋅cm−1⋅s−1 and all other sites with nonsignificant rate effects and regression slopes below 0.1 MPC⋅cm−1⋅s−1. Moreover, the effects of movement per se and of movement velocity varied in magnitude independently. These results confirm previous reports that movement-related activations of M1S1 and cerebellum are sensitive to movement frequency or some covarying parameter of movement. The activation of GP with increasing movement velocity, not described in previous functional-imaging studies, supports the hypothesis that the basal ganglia motor circuit may be involved preferentially in controlling or monitoring the scale and/or dynamics of arm movements. The remaining areas that were activated equally for all movement rates may be involved in controlling higher level aspects of motor control that are independent of movement dynamics.

scholarly journals Revisiting the “Paradox of Stereotaxic Surgery”: Insights Into Basal Ganglia-Thalamic Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Magnusson ◽  
Daniel K. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Stereotaxic Surgery ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Cortical Physiology ◽  
Motor Thalamus ◽  
Deep Brain

Basal ganglia dysfunction is implicated in movement disorders including Parkinson Disease, dystonia, and choreiform disorders. Contradicting standard “rate models” of basal ganglia-thalamic interactions, internal pallidotomy improves both hypo- and hyper-kinetic movement disorders. This “paradox of stereotaxic surgery” was recognized shortly after rate models were developed, and is underscored by the outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. Despite strong evidence that DBS activates local axons, the clinical effects of lesions and DBS are nearly identical. These observations argue against standard models in which GABAergic basal ganglia output gates thalamic activity, and raise the question of how lesions and stimulation can have similar effects. These paradoxes may be resolved by considering thalamocortical loops as primary drivers of motor output. Rather than suppressing or releasing cortex via motor thalamus, the basal ganglia may modulate the timing of thalamic perturbations to cortical activity. Motor cortex exhibits rotational dynamics during movement, allowing the same thalamocortical perturbation to affect motor output differently depending on its timing with respect to the rotational cycle. We review classic and recent studies of basal ganglia, thalamic, and cortical physiology to propose a revised model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical function with implications for basic physiology and neuromodulation.

Charles David Marsden. 15 April 1938 — 29 September 1998

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 203-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Quinn ◽  
John Rothwell ◽  
Peter Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Publication Record ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Movement Disorder Society

David Marsden was the most outstanding UK clinical neuroscientist of his generation, making key discoveries in the neurophysiology, neurochemistry and clinical aspects of diseases of the basal ganglia, and their normal function. His legacies are the establishment, with Stanley Fahn in the USA, of movement disorders as a subspecialty within neurology, of the international Movement Disorder Society, and of the journal Movement Disorders ; his ex-students and fellows around the globe; and his research and teaching output embodied in his extraordinarily prolific publication record of more than 1360 papers, books and chapters, culminating in the posthumous completion and publication in December 2011 of Marsden’s book of movement disorders , a project he had started in 1984. All of these were achieved through the combination of his intellect and drive, his communication skills, and his forceful and charismatic personality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document