scholarly journals Computatonal Analysis of System and Design Parameters of Electrodeposition for Marine Applications

10.5772/62376 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Farotade ◽  
Patricia A.I. Popoola ◽  
Olawale M. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Marine Applications

Improved Tin Based Bearing Alloy for Low Emission Two-Stroke Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Haedicke ◽  
Robert Mergen ◽  
Alexander Kari ◽  
Leopold Harreither
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Bearing Alloy

Recent in Two-stroke engine development for marine applications mainly deal with better and increased overall efficiency hereby reducing the CO2 emissions. Besides a mechanical design change the service conditions play a major role in enhanced efficiency. The so increased engine parameters with higher maximum pressure during combustion will inevitable increase the load on the bearings of the reciprocating parts. Since an increase in the bearing area is not possible due to the engine design parameters the object is to increase the specific load bearing capability of the bearing alloy while keeping the tribological benevolence. In particular, the fatigue properties and the strength of the used tin based alloys, commonly known as whitemetals or babbitts. This class of alloys stands out due to its emergency running capabilities, embedability and its high flexibility under edge load. Existing Al-based alloys like AlSn40 have improved fatigue properties but they fall behind on the named essential properties. Also, the dimensions of the AlSn40 bearings are limited due to the roll bonding process by which they are produced. On the other hand spin casting as standard production process of Babbitt bearings is limiting the alloying elements due to centrifugal segregation while solidification of the lining alloy. While tin based alloys are used in an environment of 90°C the homologue temperature is 0,7 which means that classic strengthening mechanisms like work-hardening and grain size effects are only shortly employable. Another restricting fact is the requirement of solid solubility for solid solution strengthening which also includes precipitation hardening. Hence there is a limited amount of elements dissolvable and not environmentally hazardous in tin this mechanism is already used to its maximum in the standard babbitts. In this paper a possible way to circumvent these limits will be presented. The use of high melting elements, compared to Sn, like Co, Ni, Mn, Al and Zn which are partly dissolvable in molten Sn, where used to improve the microstructure and therefor the overall performance of the bearing alloy. These trace elements serve as grain refinement for the primary precipitation of SbSn and CuSn during solidification. The high melting point of these elements anticipates relaxing processes in the alloy caused by diffusion at the high homologue temperature. Due to the smaller precipitations and the finer structure a better performance can be seen during tests. This leads in a higher strength while maintaining its ductility. Alternate bending tests as well as specific bearing test runs show a significant better fatigue, wear and embedability performance than standard alloys.

Design Concept of Marine GenSet Engines

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
O. Schnohr
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Marine Applications

Experience gained from the MAN B&W Holeby heavy fuel burning marine GenSets is described. This is the most widely used diesel generator engine for marine applications within its power range. The combustion process is based on design parameters and features which enable operating and maintenance costs to be kept low even when the cheapest types of heavy fuel are used. The paper outlines how the design concept also results in very low emission figures, which will permit ship-owners to observe prospective NOx regulations at no extra expense. The Uni-concept, which features the combined installation of the two-stroke low speed propulsion engine and the generating sets, sharing a common fuel system (Uni-fuel Concept), common simplified cooling water systems, starting air installation, etc., is explained. This concept enables the shipyard to select the simplest and most cost-efficient engine installation for the vessel. The technology used for the unrestricted low load operation of the engine is presented, and an outline is given of the special operational conditions, and of the great electrical load fluctations that prevail, for instance during the loading and unloading of the vessel by means of its own cargo-handling equipment.

The influence of confocal microscope design on imaging performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
C J R Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fundamental Limitation

The confocal microscope is now widely used in both biomedical and industrial applications for imaging, in three dimensions, objects with appreciable depth. There are now a range of different microscopes on the market, which have adopted a variety of different designs. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects on imaging performance of design parameters including the method of scanning, the type of detector, and the size and shape of the confocal aperture.It is becoming apparent that there is no such thing as an ideal confocal microscope: all systems have limitations and the best compromise depends on what the microscope is used for and how it is used. The most important compromise at present is between image quality and speed of scanning, which is particularly apparent when imaging with very weak signals. If great speed is not of importance, then the fundamental limitation for fluorescence imaging is the detection of sufficient numbers of photons before the fluorochrome bleaches.

Design Parameters Of A Comfortable Living Environment In The Normative Documentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Indoor Environment Quality ◽  
Community Information ◽  
Normative Documentation ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, the professional construction community information field is largely filled with the topic of creating a comfortable living environment. However, architectural and engineering design that corresponds to the concept of sustainable development is currently hindered due to the lack of a formed conceptual framework that reveals the meaning of the term "comfort", as well as a criteria list that determines the indoor environment quality in the Russian Federation regulatory and technical framework. The article offers some components of a comfortable living environment, within which the parameters of designing the internal environment of premises are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the national standards of the Russian Federation regulating the design of the internal space of residential and public buildings, with international "green" standards for a number of parameters was carried out. It is concluded that it is necessary to update the Russian regulatory and technical base taking into account the international experience of "green" standards.

Effiecency criterion for selection of design parameters of aerospace system

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2(99)) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
D.S. Kalynychenko ◽  
◽  
Ye.Yu. Baranov ◽  
M.V. Poluian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Selection Of
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