scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Redox Regulation and Elite Controllers of HIV Infection: Towards a Functional Cure

10.5772/60806 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Okechukwu Ibeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Functional Cure

scholarly journals How N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Affects Redox Regulation, Especially at Mitohormesis and Sarcohormesis Level: Current Perspective

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise frequently alters the metabolic processes of oxidative metabolism in athletes, including exposure to extreme reactive oxygen species impairing exercise performance. Therefore, both researchers and athletes have been consistently investigating the possible strategies to improve metabolic adaptations to exercise-induced oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been applied as a therapeutic agent in treating many diseases in humans due to its precursory role in the production of hepatic glutathione, a natural antioxidant. Several studies have investigated NAC’s possible therapeutic role in oxidative metabolism and adaptive response to exercise in the athletic population. However, still conflicting questions regarding NAC supplementation need to be clarified. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the metabolic effects of NAC on exercise-induced oxidative stress and adaptive response developed by athletes against the exercise, especially mitohormetic and sarcohormetic response.

scholarly journals The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Shih-Kai Chiang ◽  
Shuen-Ei Chen ◽  
Ling-Chu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Heme Oxygenases ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed. This review describes the crosstalk between HO-1 and oxidative stress, and following redox regulation in the tumorigenesis. HO-1-regulated signaling pathways are also summarized. This review aims to integrate basic information and current progress of HO-1 in cancer research in order to enhance the understandings and facilitate following studies.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analyses of the cysteine thiol oxidation of PKM2 reveal the effects of multiple oxidation on cellular oxidative stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Irokawa ◽  
Satoshi Numasaki ◽  
Shin Kato ◽  
Kenta Iwai ◽  
Atsushi Inose-Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Heterologous Proteins ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cellular Signal

Redox regulation of proteins via cysteine residue oxidation is involved in the control of various cellular signal pathways. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, is critical for the metabolic shift from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway under oxidative stress in cancer cell growth. The PKM2 tetramer is required for optimal pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, whereas the inhibition of inter-subunit interaction of PKM2 induced by Cys358 oxidation has reduced PK activity. In the present study, we identified three oxidation-sensitive cysteine residues (Cys358, Cys423 and Cys424) responsible for four oxidation forms via the thiol oxidant diamide and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Possibly due to obstruction of the dimer-dimer interface, H2O2-induced sulfenylation (-SOH) and diamide-induced modification at Cys424 inhibited tetramer formation and PK activity. Cys423 is responsible for intermolecular disulphide bonds with heterologous proteins via diamide. Additionally, intramolecular polysulphide linkage (–Sn–, n≧3) between Cys358 and an unidentified PKM2 Cys could be induced by diamide. We observed that cells expressing the oxidation-resistant PKM2 (PKM2C358,424A) produced more intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited greater sensitivity to ROS-generating reagents and ROS-inducible anti-cancer drugs compared to cells expressing wildtype PKM2. These results highlight the possibility that PKM2 inhibition via Cys358 and Cys424 oxidation contributes to eliminating excess ROS and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Redox regulation of SUMO enzymes is required for ATM activity and survival in oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Stankovic‐Valentin ◽  
Katarzyna Drzewicka ◽  
Cornelia König ◽  
Elmar Schiebel ◽  
Frauke Melchior
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Regulation

Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Redox Regulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Jipeng Ma ◽  
Lifang Yang ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Jian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Regulation

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Pinho ◽  
Aderbal S. Aguiar ◽  
Zsolt Radák
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Systematic Database

This review highlighted resistance training as an important training type for the brain. Most studies that use physical exercise for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have focused on aerobic physical exercise, revealing different behavioral, biochemical, and molecular effects. However, recent studies have shown that resistance training can also significantly contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases as well as to the maintenance, development, and recovery of brain activities through specific neurochemical adaptations induced by the training. In this scenario we observed the results of several studies published in different journals in the last 20 years, focusing on the effects of resistance training on three main neurological aspects: Neuroprotective mechanisms, oxidative stress, and cognition. Systematic database searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline were performed to identify peer-reviewed studies from the 2000s. Combinations of keywords related to brain disease, aerobic/resistance, or strength physical exercise were used. Other variables were not addressed in this review but should be considered for a complete understanding of the effects of training in the brain.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Cristian O’Flaherty ◽  
José M. Ortiz Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco E. Martín Cano ◽  
Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.

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