scholarly journals The Role of Hydrophobicity in the Development of Aluminum and Copper Alloys for Industrial Applications

10.5772/60724 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Farzaneh ◽  
Zaki Ahmad ◽  
Mustafa Can ◽  
Salih Okur ◽  
Omer Mermer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Industrial Applications

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

The role of robotics in additive manufacturing: review of the AM processes and introduction of an intelligent system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Norberto Pires ◽  
Amin S. Azar ◽  
Filipe Nogueira ◽  
Carlos Ye Zhu ◽  
Ricardo Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Components

Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving manufacturing process, which refers to a set of technologies that add materials layer-by-layer to create functional components. AM technologies have received an enormous attention from both academia and industry, and they are being successfully used in various applications, such as rapid prototyping, tooling, direct manufacturing and repair, among others. AM does not necessarily imply building parts, as it also refers to innovation in materials, system and part designs, novel combination of properties and interplay between systems and materials. The most exciting features of AM are related to the development of radically new systems and materials that can be used in advanced products with the aim of reducing costs, manufacturing difficulties, weight, waste and energy consumption. It is essential to develop an advanced production system that assists the user through the process, from the computer-aided design model to functional components. The challenges faced in the research and development and operational phase of producing those parts include requiring the capacity to simulate and observe the building process and, more importantly, being able to introduce the production changes in a real-time fashion. This paper aims to review the role of robotics in various AM technologies to underline its importance, followed by an introduction of a novel and intelligent system for directed energy deposition (DED) technology. Design/methodology/approach AM presents intrinsic advantages when compared to the conventional processes. Nevertheless, its industrial integration remains as a challenge due to equipment and process complexities. DED technologies are among the most sophisticated concepts that have the potential of transforming the current material processing practices. Findings The objective of this paper is identifying the fundamental features of an intelligent DED platform, capable of handling the science and operational aspects of the advanced AM applications. Consequently, we introduce and discuss a novel robotic AM system, designed for processing metals and alloys such as aluminium alloys, high-strength steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel-based superalloys and other metallic alloys for various applications. A few demonstrators are presented and briefly discussed, to present the usefulness of the introduced system and underlying concept. The main design objective of the presented intelligent robotic AM system is to implement a design-and-produce strategy. This means that the system should allow the user to focus on the knowledge-based tasks, e.g. the tasks of designing the part, material selection, simulating the deposition process and anticipating the metallurgical properties of the final part, as the rest would be handled automatically. Research limitations/implications This paper reviews a few AM technologies, where robotics is a central part of the process, such as vat photopolymerization, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, DED and sheet lamination. This paper aims to influence the development of robot-based AM systems for industrial applications such as part production, automotive, medical, aerospace and defence sectors. Originality/value The presented intelligent system is an original development that is designed and built by the co-authors J. Norberto Pires, Amin S. Azar and Trayana Tankova.

Possibilities to Apply Friction Stir Processing FSP in Surface Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Cristian Ciucă ◽  
Lia Nicoleta Boțilă ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
Ion Aurel Perianu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Cast Aluminum Alloys

The results obtained by ISIM Timisoara to the development of the friction stir welding process (FSW) have supported the extension of the researches on some derived processes, including friction stir processing (FSP). The experimental programs (the researches) were developed within complex research projects, aspects regarding the principle of the process, modalities and techniques of application, experiments for specific applications, being approached. The paper presents good results obtained by friction stir processing of cast aluminum alloys and copper alloys. The optimal process conditions, optimal characteristics of the processing tools were defined. The complex characterization of the processed areas was done, the advantages of the process applying being presented, especially for the cast aluminum alloys: EN AW 4047, EN AW 5083 and EN AW 7021. The characteristics of the processed areas are compared with those of the base materials. The results obtained are a solid basis for substantiating of some specific industrial applications, especially in the automotive, aeronautical / aerospace fields.

scholarly journals Biological activity of carbon nanoparticles produced in combustion process

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Jarosław KAŁUŻNY ◽  
Natalia IDASZEWSKA ◽  
Tomasz RUNKA ◽  
Adam PIASECKI ◽  
Marek NOWICKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Carbon Allotropes ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Residential Space

In the recent years industrial applications of carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been tested extensively, thus justifying research on the environmental impact these materials have. In the current paper we compare EDS spectroscopy results of a cabin filter used in a car to a filter used in an air purifier inside a residential space. The contaminants adsorbed on the carbon nanoparticles trapped in both types of filters allows for determining of their source of origin demonstrating clearly the dominant role of non-road emissions in Poland. Finally we present the experimental study on the growth of plants on substrates intentionally enriched with CNTs.

Deep-UV materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Ehrt
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Intrinsic Absorption ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Extrinsic Absorption

Abstract Materials with high deep-ultraviolet (DUV; λ<300 nm) transmission are important for many industrial applications. Fluoride single crystals and various glasses, pure SiO2, fluoride, phosphate, multicomponent silicates, and organic materials (PMMA), were investigated. The role of intrinsic absorption (UV edge) due to electron transitions between the main components, and extrinsic absorption due to trace impurities, effect of polyvalent ions, redox behavior, and radiation-induced transmission loss were considered. The optical basicity and optical properties were used to order the materials.

scholarly journals Toughness Enhancement of PHBV/TPU/Cellulose Compounds with Reactive Additives for Compostable Injected Parts in Industrial Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Sánchez-Safont ◽  
Alex Arrillaga ◽  
Jon Anakabe ◽  
Luis Cabedo ◽  
Jose Gamez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Reactive Additives ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Reactive Agents ◽  
Toughness Enhancement

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate), PHBV, is a bacterial thermoplastic biopolyester that possesses interesting thermal and mechanical properties. As it is fully biodegradable, it could be an alternative to the use of commodities in single-use applications or in those intended for composting at their end of life. Two big drawbacks of PHBV are its low impact toughness and its high cost, which limit its potential applications. In this work, we proposed the use of a PHBV-based compound with purified α-cellulose fibres and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), with the purpose of improving the performance of PHBV in terms of balanced heat resistance, stiffness, and toughness. Three reactive agents with different functionalities have been tested in these compounds: hexametylene diisocianate (HMDI), a commercial multi-epoxy-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl® ADR-4368), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The results indicate that the reactive agents play a main role of compatibilizers among the phases of the PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds. HMDI showed the highest ability to compatibilize the cellulose and the PHBV in the compounds, with the topmost values of deformation at break, static toughness, and impact strength. Joncryl® and TGIC, on the other hand, seemed to enhance the compatibility between the fibres and the polymer matrix as well as the TPU within the PHBV.

scholarly journals Single Residue Substitution at N-Terminal Affects Temperature Stability and Activity of L2 Lipase

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3433
Author(s):  
Noramirah Bukhari ◽  
Adam Thean Chor Leow ◽  
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman ◽  
Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Thermal Denaturation ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Residue Substitution

Rational design is widely employed in protein engineering to tailor wild-type enzymes for industrial applications. The typical target region for mutation is a functional region like the catalytic site to improve stability and activity. However, few have explored the role of other regions which, in principle, have no evident functionality such as the N-terminal region. In this study, stability prediction software was used to identify the critical point in the non-functional N-terminal region of L2 lipase and the effects of the substitution towards temperature stability and activity were determined. The results showed 3 mutant lipases: A8V, A8P and A8E with 29% better thermostability, 4 h increase in half-life and 6.6 °C higher thermal denaturation point, respectively. A8V showed 1.6-fold enhancement in activity compared to wild-type. To conclude, the improvement in temperature stability upon substitution showed that the N-terminal region plays a role in temperature stability and activity of L2 lipase.

scholarly journals On the Role of Dilute Solute Additions on Growth Restriction in Binary Copper Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-832
Author(s):  
M. J. Balart ◽  
F. Gao ◽  
J. B. Patel ◽  
F. Miani
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Restriction Factor ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Acta Mater ◽  
Columnar Grain

AbstractThe effect of dilute solute additions on growth restriction in binary Cu alloys has been assessed at different degrees of superheat. Columnar grain length values from Northcott’s work (Northcott in J Inst Metals 62:101-136, 1938) for binary Cu alloys were plotted against the corresponding undercooling parameter (P), the reciprocal of the conventional (Qconv.) and true (Qtrue) growth restriction factor (Schmid-Fetzer and Kozlov in Acta Mater 59(15):6133-6144, 2011) values. It was found that there was no correlation between the columnar grain length values and P, 1/Qconv. and 1/Qtrue values for different solutes and cast at the same degree of superheat. Unlike P, Qconv., and Qtrue values, the heuristic growth restriction parameter (β) (Fan et al. in Acta Mater 152, 248-257, 2018) modeling framework in conjunction with the critical solute content (C*) for growth restriction fitted well to binary Cu alloys.

scholarly journals The Role of β-Cyclodextrin in the Textile Industry—Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Maestá Bezerra ◽  
Manuel José Lis ◽  
Helen Beraldo Firmino ◽  
Joyce Gabriella Dias da Silva ◽  
Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Finishing Agent

β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is an oligosaccharide composed of seven units of D-(+)-glucopyranose joined by α-1,4 bonds, which is obtained from starch. Its singular trunk conical shape organization, with a well-defined cavity, provides an adequate environment for several types of molecules to be included. Complexation changes the properties of the guest molecules and can increase their stability and bioavailability, protecting against degradation, and reducing their volatility. Thanks to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, β-CD is widespread in many research and industrial applications. In this review, we summarize the role of β-CD and its derivatives in the textile industry. First, we present some general physicochemical characteristics, followed by its application in the areas of dyeing, finishing, and wastewater treatment. The review covers the role of β-CD as an auxiliary agent in dyeing, and as a matrix for dye adsorption until chemical modifications are applied as a finishing agent. Finally, new perspectives about its use in textiles, such as in smart materials for microbial control, are presented.

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