scholarly journals Autophagy, a Highly Regulated Intracellular System Essential to Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis — Role in Disease, Exercise and Altitude Exposure

10.5772/60698 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M.J. Sanchez ◽  
Robin Candau ◽  
Audrey Raibon ◽  
Henri Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

scholarly journals MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Reynolds ◽  
Rochelle W. Lai ◽  
Jonathan S. T. Woodhead ◽  
James H. Joly ◽  
Cameron J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Fitness

AbstractHealthy aging can be promoted by enhanced metabolic fitness and physical capacity. Mitochondria are chief metabolic organelles with strong implications in aging that also coordinate broad physiological functions, in part, using peptides that are encoded within their independent genome. However, mitochondrial-encoded factors that actively regulate aging are unknown. Here, we report that mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c can significantly enhance physical performance in young (2 mo.), middle-age (12 mo.), and old (22 mo.) mice. MOTS-c can regulate (i) nuclear genes, including those related to metabolism and proteostasis, (ii) skeletal muscle metabolism, and (iii) myoblast adaptation to metabolic stress. We provide evidence that late-life (23.5 mo.) initiated intermittent MOTS-c treatment (3x/week) can increase physical capacity and healthspan in mice. In humans, exercise induces endogenous MOTS-c expression in skeletal muscle and in circulation. Our data indicate that aging is regulated by genes encoded in both of our co-evolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.

scholarly journals The Role of Eif6 in Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis Revealed by Endurance Training Co-expression Networks

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Clarke ◽  
Sara Ricciardi ◽  
Tim Pearson ◽  
Izwan Bharudin ◽  
Peter K. Davidsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

scholarly journals Aldehyde dehydrogenases contribute to skeletal muscle homeostasis in healthy, aging, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Etienne ◽  
Pierre Joanne ◽  
Cyril Catelain ◽  
Stéphanie Riveron ◽  
Alexandra Clarissa Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

scholarly journals Inflamma-miR-21 Negatively Regulates Myogenesis during Ageing

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Borja-Gonzalez ◽  
Jose C. Casas-Martinez ◽  
Brian McDonagh ◽  
Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Primary Myoblasts ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis ◽  
Old Mice

Ageing is associated with disrupted redox signalling and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on the balance between muscle hypertrophy, atrophy and regeneration, however during ageing this balance is disrupted. The molecular pathways underlying the age-related decline in muscle regenerative potential remain elusive. microRNAs are conserved robust gene expression regulators in all tissues including skeletal muscle. Here, we studied satellite cells from adult and old mice to demonstrate that inhibition of miR-21 in satellite cells from old mice improves myogenesis. We determined that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL6, as well as H2O2, increased miR-21 expression in primary myoblasts, which in turn resulted in their decreased viability and myogenic potential. Inhibition of miR-21 function rescued the decreased size of myotubes following TNFα or IL6 treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-21 could inhibit myogenesis in vitro via regulating IL6R, PTEN and FOXO3 signalling. In summary, upregulation of miR-21 in satellite cells and muscle during ageing may occur in response to elevated levels of TNFα and IL6, within satellite cells or myofibrillar environment contributing to skeletal muscle ageing and potentially a disease-related decline in potential for muscle regeneration.

scholarly journals Srf KO and wild-type mice similarly adapt to endurance exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidar Djemai ◽  
Medhi Hassani ◽  
Nissrine Daou ◽  
Zhenlin Li ◽  
Athanassia Sotiropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

Physical exercise has important effects as secondary prevention or intervention against several diseases. Endurance exercise induces local and global effects, resulting in skeletal muscle adaptations to aerobic activity and contributes to an amelioration of muscle performance. Furthermore, it prevents muscle loss. Serum response factor (Srf) is a transcription factor of pivotal importance for muscle tissues and animal models of Srf genetic deletion/over-expression are widely used to study Srf role in muscle homeostasis, physiology and pathology. A global characterisation of exercise adaptation in the absence of Srf has not been reported. We measured body composition, muscle force, running speed, energy expenditure and metabolism in WT and inducible skeletal muscle-specific Srf KO mice, following three weeks of voluntary exercise by wheel running. We found a major improvement in the aerobic capacity and muscle function in WT mice following exercise, as expected, and no major differences were observed in Srf KO mice as compared to WT mice, following exercise. Taken together, these observations suggest that Srf is not required for an early (within 3 weeks) adaptation to spontaneous exercise and that Srf KO mice behave similarly to the WT in terms of spontaneous physical activity and the resulting adaptive responses. Therefore, Srf KO mice can be used in functional muscle studies, without the results being affected by the lack of Srf. Since lack of Srf induces premature sarcopenia, our observations suggest that the modifications due to the absence of Srf take time to occur and that young, Srf KO mice behave similarly to WT in aerobic physical activities.

scholarly journals Combinatory effects of siRNA-induced myostatin inhibition and exercise on skeletal muscle homeostasis and body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e00262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Mosler ◽  
Karima Relizani ◽  
Etienne Mouisel ◽  
Helge Amthor ◽  
Patrick Diel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Myostatin Inhibition ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis
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