scholarly journals Glycerol as a Raw Material for Hydrogen Production

10.5772/60013 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Imaculada Maintinguer ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues Hatanaka ◽  
José Eduardo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Raw Material

Low-Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen by Sorption-Enhanced Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Harrison ◽  
Zhiyong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Production

Hydrogen is an increasingly important chemical raw material and a probable future primary energy carrier. In many current and anticipated applications the carbon monoxide impurity level must be reduced to low-ppmv levels to avoid poisoning catalysts in downstream processes. Methanation is currently used to remove carbon monoxide in petroleum refining operations while preferential oxidation (PROX) is being developed for carbon monoxide control in fuel cells. Both approaches add an additional step to the multi-step hydrogen production process, and both inevitably result in hydrogen loss. The sorption enhanced process for hydrogen production, in which steam-methane reforming, water-gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal reactions occur simultaneously in the presence of a nickel-based reforming catalyst and a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent, is capable of producing high purity hydrogen containing minimal carbon monoxide in a single processing step. The process also has the potential for producing pure CO2 that is suitable for subsequent use or sequestration during the sorbent regeneration step. The current research on sorption-enhanced production of low-carbon monoxide hydrogen is an extension of previous research in this laboratory that proved the feasibility of producing 95+% hydrogen (dry basis), but without concern for the carbon monoxide concentration. This paper describes sorption-enhanced reaction conditions – temperature, feed gas composition, and volumetric feed rate – required to produce 95+% hydrogen containing low carbon monoxide concentrations suitable for direct use in, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

An Overview of Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Source for Remote Area Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Abdol Rahim ◽  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan Mohamed ◽  
Suhadiyana Hanapi ◽  
Khairul Imran Sainan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen production through solar energy technology plays a very important role in the development of sustainable energy systems. Traditionally, a wide variety of methods are available for hydrogen production from conventional sources such as natural gas, coal and oil. Their application, however, contributes to emission of ozone depleting gases such as CO2. This paper reviews the recent developments of hydrogen production methods related to solar-hydrogen production for remote area application. The methods discussed are thermochemical, photoelectrochemical and electrochemical where water is the basic raw material. From this review, the low overall efficiency of photoelectrochemical and thermochemical processes make them non-attractive for remote areas application. This paper concludes that the most suitable method for hydrogen production for remote area application is electrochemical process where electrolyzer represents the most important process to obtain hydrogen without any emission of air pollutants or greenhouse gases. This paper will be useful for manufacturers, academicians and researchers who are involved and interested in solar hydrogen system.

Simulation of a hydrogen production and purification system for a PEM fuel-cell using bioethanol as raw material

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Giunta ◽  
Carlos Mosquera ◽  
Norma Amadeo ◽  
Miguel Laborde
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Purification System

scholarly journals Biohydrogen production from sweet sorghum biomass using mixed acidogenic cultures and pure cultures of Ruminococcus Albus

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Ruminococcus Albus ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pure Cultures

The present study focuses on the exploitation of sweet sorghum biomass as a source for hydrogen in continuous and batch systems. Sweet sorghum is an annual C4 plant of tropical origin, well-adapted to sub-tropical and temperate regions and highly productive in biomass. Sweet sorghum biomass is rich in readily fermentable sugars and thus it can be considered as an excellent raw material for fermentative hydrogen production. Extraction of free sugars from the sorghum stalks was achieved using water at 30°C. After the extraction process, a liquid fraction (sorghum extract), rich in sucrose, and a solid fraction (sorghum cellulosichemicellulosic residues), containing the cellulose and hemicelluloses, were obtained. Hydrogen production from sorghum extract was investigated using mixed acidogenic microbial cultures, coming from the indigenous sorghum microflora and Ruminococcus albus, an important, fibrolytic bacterium of the rumen. Hydrogen productivity of sorghum residues was assessed as well, using R. albus. The highest hydrogen yield obtained from sorghum extract fermented with mixed microbial cultures in continuous system was 0.86 mol hydrogen per mol of glucose consumed, at a hydraulic retention time of 12 hours. This corresponded to a hydrogen productivity of 10.4 l hydrogen per kg of sorghum biomass and was comparable with those obtained from batch experiments. On the other hand, the hydrogen yield obtained from sorghum extract treated with R. albus was as high as 2.1-2.6 mol hydrogen per mol of glucose consumed. Hydrogen productivity of sorghum residues fermented with R. albus reached 2.6 mol hydrogen per mol of glucose consumed. In total, the productivity of sorghum biomass (that of sorghum extract plus that of sorghum residues) could be 60 l hydrogen per kg of sorghum biomass if R. albus is used.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Fuel Cell Vehicles Considering the Detailed Vehicle Components: Comparison and Scenario Analysis in China Based on Different Hydrogen Production Schemes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisong Chen ◽  
Xu Hu ◽  
Jiahui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Components

Numerous studies concerning the life cycle assessment of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have been conducted. However, little attention has been paid to the life cycle assessment of an FCV from the perspective of the detailed vehicle components. This work conducts the life cycle assessment of Toyota Mirai with all major components considered in a Chinese context. Both the vehicle cycle and the fuel cycle are included. Both comprehensive resources and energy consumption and comprehensive environmental emissions of the life cycles are investigated. Potential environmental impacts are further explored based on CML 2001 method. Then different hydrogen production schemes are compared to obtain the most favorable solution. To explore the potential of the electrolysis, the scenario analysis of the power structure is conducted. The results show that the most mineral resources are consumed in the raw material acquisition stage, the most fossil energy is consumed in the use stage and global warming potential (GWP) value is fairly high in all life cycle stages of Toyota Mirai using electrolyzed hydrogen. For hydrogen production schemes, the scenario analysis indicates that simply by optimizing the power structure, the environmental impact of the electrolysis remains higher than other schemes. When using the electricity from hydropower or wind power, the best choice will be the electrolysis.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Titanate Nanotubes Loaded with Platinum with Enhanced Selectivity for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Methanol

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050129
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Yu Chen ◽  
Shang-Lien Lo ◽  
Hsiang-Ling Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Titanate Nanotubes ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Tauc Plot ◽  
Allowed Transition ◽  
Metal Support Interaction

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) fabricated through microwave-assisted synthesis were examined for their ability to catalyze hydrogen production from a 20% v/v methanol solution under UV and visible light irradiation. Herein, TiO2 was used not only as the raw material for TNT synthesis but also as a reference support to compare its performance with that of TNTs. The UV–Vis spectral analyses of the TNT composites showed greater shifts toward the visible region after Pt loading than the spectra of Pt/TiO2. Moreover, using the Kubelka–Munk equation and Tauc Plot method, we determined that the direct allowed transition in TNT composites was more probable than the indirect allowed transition. The photocatalytic performances were evaluated by measuring the hydrogen production, and the experimental results showed that Pt/TNTs exhibited higher activity than Pt/TiO2. Furthermore, bare TNTs and Pt/TNTs showed lower CO generation than bare TiO2 and Pt/TiO2. As such, TNT composites enhanced the photocatalytic selectivity for H2 generation from formic acid to a greater extent than Pt/TiO2, because the kinetic diameter of CO (0.38[Formula: see text]nm) is larger than that of CO2 (0.33[Formula: see text]nm). This result may be attributed to the inability of CO to diffuse into the pores of TNTs because of the diameter difference. Also, XPS results showed negative shifts of Pt binding energies and positive shifts of Ti binding energies due to the strong metal-support interaction between Pt and TNTs. Thus, the remarkably high photocatalytic efficiency of TNT composites facilitates their application as promising photocatalysts.

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