Water Treatment for Centre and Home-Based Haemodialysis

Efficiency and Applicability of Low Cost Home-based Water Treatment Strategies in a Rural Context

Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/jbs.2019.339.346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 339-346

Author(s):

Rhulani Makhuvele ◽

Kgabo Lydia Maureen Moganedi

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Home Based ◽

Rural Context

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Prevalence of Diarrhea and Associated Factors among Under Five Years Children in Harena Buluk Woreda Oromia Region, South East Ethiopia, 2018

Journal of Public Health International ◽

10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-18-2470 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 9-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Solomon Getahun Beyene ◽

Abulie Takele Melku

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Home Based ◽

Long Time

Background: Acute diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of preventable childhood death, especially in developing countries. It is the second leading cause of death in under-five year children nest to pneumonia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of diarrhea in under-five in Harena Buluk district. Methods: A community based Cross sectional study was conducted in February, 2018. A two stage stratified sampling method was done to select the eligible households. Data was collected by trained data collectors using pretested questionnaire list which was prepared based on EDHS and WHO core questionnaires related to diarrhea. Data was entered in to a computer using Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS V.20 for further analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine level of association with 95% CI. A p-value <0.05 in the final model were considered as significant. Result: The two weeks period magnitude of diarrhea among under-five children was 28.4% with 95% CI (14.5-20.8) which was associated with households with one under five children (AOR: 0.268, 95% CI(.08,0.90)), living in the home with single room ((AOR = 6.01, 95% CI(1.01,36.01)), clean latrine/faces not seen around the pit or on the floor of latrine(AOR: 0.298, 95% CI(0.097,0.92)), long time take to fetch water from source (AOR: 0.046,95%CI(0.01,0.22)), home based water treatment ((AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: (0.04, 0.62)), living with animal in the same house(AOR: 8.31, 95% CI(2.46,28.06)), children who took gruel type of food(AOR: 0.24, 95% CI(0.07,0.81)), hand washing practice before cooking food (AOR: 0.195(0.066, 0.574)). Conclusion: The two weeks period magnitude of acute under-five diarrhea was relatively high and number of under five children in the household, cleanness latrine, time taking from the source of water, home based water treatment, number of rooms in the home, live with animal in the same house, type of food child take, hand washing before food preparation had significant association with the occurrence of under-five diarrhea. Improve community about home and environmental sanitation and hand practices were recommended.

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Effect of handwashing with soap at crtitical times and home based water treatment in combating hot spot areas of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-212508/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bezuayehu Alemayehu ◽

Argaw Ambleu ◽

Birhanu Teshome Ayele

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Home Based ◽

Combined Interventions ◽

Handwashing With Soap ◽

Critical Times

Abstract IntroductionEffective intervention needed to reduce childhood diarrhea, a significant cause of morbidityin resource-limited settings. This intervention aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of handwashing with soap at critical times, home-based water treatment and both combinations to reduce childhood diarrheain hotspot areas of southwestern Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity randomized control with the factorial design was conducted in southwestern Ethiopia from July to October 30/2020. About 720 households were maintained and equally allocated for handwashing with soap at critical times, home-based water treatment, and both combined interventions having 180 households that were followed up for four months. Baseline data were collected at the first two weeks from 720 households of intervention groups. Data was processed and entered into EPI data version 3.02. Homogeneity of the baseline characteristics of the participant in both groups was checked at a p-value less or equal to 0.05. The incidence of childhood diarrhea per 100 per two weeks was measured in both groups. Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to check the statistical significance patterns of childhood diarrhea. Intention-to-treat analysis was used to compare the incidence of childhood diarrhea for both groups. A generalized estimating equation with a logit-link Poisson distribution family and the exchangeable working correlation,with robust standard error estimation, was used for the analysis of repeated observations of the incidence of childhood diarrhea in individuals over time. An unadjusted and adjusted incidence rate along with the corresponding 95% CI was analyzed by using a multivariable analysis to control potential confounders on Stata 14 software.ResultsChildhood diarrhea significantly decreased in all intervention groupsbut increasing in control groups. Particularly, handwashing with soap at critical times has reduced childhood diarrhea incidence by 45% (IRR = 0.55, 0.48, 0.61, P < 0.001). Similarly,home-based water treatment reduced by 52% (IRR = 0.48, 0.42, 0.54, P < 0.001). Likewise, a combinationof handwashing with soap and home-based water treatment has reduced childhood diarrhea by 60% (AOR = 0.40, 0.36, 0.47, P < 0.001) after adjusting potential confounders.ConclusionThis study indicated single and combined interventions reduced childhood diarrhea. Promoting these effective or promising intervention effects in rural communities would save many lives of children from diarrhea.Trial registrationRegistered 11 August 2020, http://www.pactr.org/PACTR202008856063947

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