scholarly journals Variability in Heavy Metal Levels in River Water Receiving Effluents in Cape Town, South Africa

10.5772/59077 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Olujimi ◽  
O.S. Fatoki ◽  
J.P. Odendaal ◽  
O.U. Oputu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Metal Levels

scholarly journals Long-Term River Water Quality Trends and Pollution Source Apportionment in Taiwan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Putri ◽  
Chao-Hsun Lou ◽  
Mat Syai’in ◽  
Shang-Hsin Ou ◽  
Yu-Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Metal Monitoring

The application of multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) was successfully used to classify the river pollution level in Taiwan and identify possible pollution sources. Water quality and heavy metal monitoring data from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) was evaluated for 14 major rivers in four regions of Taiwan with the Erren River classified as the most polluted river in the country. Biochemical oxygen demand (6.1 ± 2.38), ammonia (3.48 ± 3.23), and total phosphate (0.65 ± 0.38) mg/L concentration in this river was the highest of the 14 rivers evaluated. In addition, heavy metal levels in the following rivers exceeded the Taiwan EPA standard limit (lead: 0.01, copper: 0.03, and manganese: 0.03) mg/L concentration: lead-in the Dongshan (0.02 ± 0.09), Jhuoshuei (0.03 ± 0.03), and Xinhuwei Rivers (0.02 ± 0.02) mg/L; copper: in the Dahan (0.036 ± 0.097), Laojie (0.06 ± 1.77), and Erren Rivers are (0.05 ± 0.158) mg/L; manganese: in all rivers. A total 72% of the water pollution in the Erren River was estimated to originate from industrial sources, 16% from domestic black water, and 12% from natural sources and runoff from other tributaries. Our research demonstrated that applying PCA-MLR and cluster analysis on long-term monitoring water quality would provide integrated information for river water pollution management and future policy making.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution of the Sava River in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živorad Vuković ◽  
Ljiljana Marković ◽  
Mirjana Radenković ◽  
Dubravka Vuković ◽  
Srboljub Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Sava River ◽  
The Sava River

Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution of the Sava River in Serbia The aim of this study was to establish microbial and heavy metal pollution of the Sava River at three locations close to industry and urban areas (Šabac, Obrenovac, Beograd) in Serbia. Heavy metal analysis included Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the river water and sediment samples. Using the microbiological analysis we tried to establish the effectiveness of total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in detecting pollution of surface waters. We found that E. coli levels steadily increased downstream from Šabac (location 1; 2100 MPN per 100 mL) to Belgrade (location 3; 10000 MPN per 100 mL). To prevent bacterial contamination, it is necessary to reduce the discharge of wastewater with faecal matters near highly populated towns. Heavy metal levels in sediments correlated with those in the river water. Fluctuations attributed mainly to anthropogenic sources were not high. These results point to acceptable anthropogenic contribution to heavy metal content in the Sava River and to low environmental risk.

Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediments and Waters of the Penang River, Malaysia

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Chye-Eng Seng ◽  
Poh-Eng Lim ◽  
Poh-Kim Chong ◽  
Lee-Mai Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Input ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Copper Lead

Abstract The concentrations of zinc, copper, lead and nickel in the Penang River and its tributaries were determined to assess the extent of heavy metal pollution, and to evaluate which compartment provides a better indicator for heavy metal pollution. The results indicate that the concentrations of total and non-residual heavy metals in sediments increase significantly towards the estuary of the river. This trend is, however, not obvious for heavy metals in the river water. The data indicate that assessment of heavy metal pollution in rivers could be made by using the data of heavy metal levels in river sediments. It is suggested that non-residual heavy metal levels in sediments give the best indication of anthropogenic input of heavy metals to river systems.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Knowledge about Newborn Discharge Follow-up in Cape Town, South Africa

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 393A-393A
Author(s):  
KaWing Cho ◽  
Jean P Milambo ◽  
Leonidas Ndayisaba ◽  
Charles Okwundu ◽  
Abiola Olowoyeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

Experiences of Hearing Parents Following the Diagnosis of Their Child's Hearing Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronel Sanet Davids ◽  
Mariana De Jager
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Hearing Parents ◽  
Phenomenological Design ◽  
Depth Interviews

An estimated 90 per cent of children with a hearing loss are born to hearing parents. Most parents are unprepared for the diagnosis, leaving them shocked, confused, sad and bewildered. This article reports on a study aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of hearing parents regarding their child’s hearing loss. The study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. The study applied a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological design. Purposive sampling was implemented and data were collected by means of unstructured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The main findings of the study indicated that hearing parents experience a myriad of emotions when their child is diagnosed with a hearing loss. This study advocates for various stakeholders in the helping profession to collaborate in the best interest of hearing parents and a child with hearing loss. Furthermore, these findings serve as guidelines for professionals working with these families.

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