scholarly journals Allyl Isothiocyanate, a Pungent Ingredient of Wasabi and Mustard Oil, Impairs Gastric Paracellular Barrier in Primary Cultures from the Rat Stomach via TRPA1-Independent Pathway

10.5772/58603 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihito Tashima ◽  
Misako Kabashima ◽  
Kenjiro Matsumoto ◽  
Shingo Yano ◽  
Susan J. Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Rat Stomach

scholarly journals Neuroprotective potential of isothiocyanates in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Latronico ◽  
Marilena Larocca ◽  
Serafina Milella ◽  
Anna Fasano ◽  
Rocco Rossano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

AbstractIsothiocyanates (ITCs), present as glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Here, we compared the effects of three different ITCs on ROS production and on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, which represent important pathogenetic factors of various neurological diseases. Primary cultures of rat astrocytes were activated by LPS and simultaneously treated with different doses of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 2-Sulforaphane (SFN). Results showed that SFN and PEITC were able to counteract ROS production induced by H2O2. The zymographic analysis of cell culture supernatants evidenced that PEITC and SFN were the most effective inhibitors of MMP-9, whereas, only SFN significantly inhibited MMP-2 activity. PCR analysis showed that all the ITCs used significantly inhibited both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The investigation on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway demonstrated that ITCs modulate MMP transcription by inhibition of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activity. Results of this study suggest that ITCs could be promising nutraceutical agents for the prevention and complementary treatment of neurological diseases associated with MMP involvement.

HOST SELECTION BY THE ADULT CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE): EFFECT OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND COMMON NUTRIENTS ON OVIPOSITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. S. Nair ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractIn Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) little oviposition occurred when access to host plant material was denied. The mustard oil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), stimulated the flies into greater activity and attracted them to its source. Sinigrin and four other glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) tested induced oviposition. AITC by itself did not induce, oviposition, but in the presence of a glucosinolate, small concentrations of AITC caused an increase in the number of eggs laid. Glucose, sucrose, casein, wheat germ oil, and a mixture of B-vitamins did not influence oviposition at the concentrations tested, but casein hydrolysate inhibited it. The role of glucosinolates and common nutrients in host selection by H. brassicae is discussed.

Active Packaging of Cheese with Allyl Isothiocyanate, an Alternative to Modified Atmosphere Packaging

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2430-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
METTE WINTHER ◽  
PER VÆGGEMOSE NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Penicillium Commune

The natural antimicrobial compound allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), found in mustard oil, is effective against cheese-related fungi both on laboratory media and cheese. Penicillium commune, Penicillium roqueforti, and Aspergillus flavus were more sensitive to AITC when it was added just after the spores had completed 100% germination and branching had started on Czapek yeast extract agar than were spores in the dormant phase. The use of 1 AITC label (Wasaouro interior labels, LD30D, 20 by 20 mm) in combination with atmospheric air in the packaging extended the shelf life of Danish Danbo cheese from 4½ to 13 weeks. Two AITC labels extended the shelf life from 4½ to 28 weeks. Both 1 and 2 labels in combination with modified atmosphere packaging extended the shelf life of the cheese from 18 to 28 weeks. This study showed that AITC was absorbed in the cheese, but it was not possible to detect any volatile breakdown products from AITC in the cheese. Cheese stored for up to 12 weeks with an AITC label had an unacceptable mustard flavor. The mustard flavor decreased to an acceptable level between weeks 12 and 28. Cheese stored in atmospheric air had a fresher taste without a CO2 off-flavor than did cheese stored in modified atmosphere packaging. AITC may be a good alternative to modified atmosphere packaging for cheese. The extended shelf life of cheese in the package is very desirable: the cheese can be transported longer distances, and the packaging can be used for the final maturing of the cheese. Furthermore, AITC can address problems such as pinholes and leaking seals in cheese packaging.

scholarly journals Activation of Neurons in Rat Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis by Different Irritant Chemicals Applied to Oral or Ocular Mucosa

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carstens ◽  
Nicole Kuenzler ◽  
H. O. Handwerker
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
H1 Antagonist ◽  
Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis ◽  
Surrounding Skin

Carstens, E., Nicole Kuenzler, and H. O. Handwerker. Activation of neurons in rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis by different irritant chemicals applied to oral or ocular mucosa. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 465–492, 1998. To investigate the role of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in neural mechanisms of irritation, we recorded single-unit responses to application of a variety of irritant chemicals to the tongue or ocular mucosa in thiopental-anesthetized rats. Recordings were made from wide dynamic range (WDR) and nociceptive-specific units in superficial layers of the dorsomedial caudalis (0–3 mm caudal to obex) responsive to mechanical stimulation and noxious heating of the ipsilateral tongue (“tongue” units) and from WDR units in ventrolateral caudalis (0–2 caudal to obex) responsive to mechanical and noxious thermal stimulation of cornea-conjunctiva and frequently also surrounding skin (“cornea-conjunctival” units). The following chemicals were delivered topically (0.1 ml) onto the dorsal anterior tongue or instilled into the ipsilateral eye: capsaicin (0.001–1% = 3.3 × 10−2 to 3.3 × 10−5 M), ethanol (15–80%), histamine (0.01–10% = 9 × 10−1 to 9 × 10−4 M), mustard oil (allyl-isothiocyanate, 4–100% = 4 × 10−1 to 10 M), NaCl (0.5–5 M), nicotine (0.01–10% = 6 × 10−1 to 6 × 10−4 M), acidified phosphate buffer (pH 1–6), piperine (0.01–1% = 3.5 × 10−2 to 3.5 × 10−4 M), serotonin (5-HT; 0.3–3% = 1.4 × 10−1 to 1.4 × 10−2 M), and carbonated water. The dose-response relationship and possible tachyphylaxis were tested for each chemical. Of 32 tongue units, 31 responded to one or more, and frequently all, chemicals tested. The population responded to 75.3% of the various chemicals tested (≤10 per unit). The incidence of responses was independent of the order of chemicals tested, except for capsaicin, which reduced subsequent responses. Responses to histamine, nicotine, 5-HT, and ethanol had a more rapid onset and shorter duration compared with capsaicin, acid, and mustard oil. Responses to all chemicals increased in a dose-related manner. Successive responses to repeated application decreased significantly for nicotine, 5-HT, capsaicin, and piperine. Spontaneous firing increased significantly 5–10 min after initial application of capsaicin. Of 31 corneal-conjunctival units, 29 responded to one or more chemicals, and the population responded to 65% of all chemicals tested. Responses increased in a dose-related manner for all chemicals, and successive responses decreased significantly for histamine, nicotine, ethanol, acid, and capsaicin. Responses of tongue units to histamine and nicotine were reduced significantly by ceterizine (H1 antagonist) and mecamylamine, respectively. Mecamylamine also significantly reduced responses of corneal-conjunctival units to nicotine. Different classes of irritant chemicals contacting the oral or ocular mucosa can activate individual sensory neurons in caudalis, presumably via independent peripheral transduction mechanisms. Multireceptive units with input from the tongue or cornea-conjunctiva exhibited a similar spectrum of excitability to different irritant chemicals. Such neurons would not be capable of discriminating among different chemically evoked irritant sensations but could contribute to a common chemical sense.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MUSTARD OIL GLUCOSIDES: I. ADMINISTRATION OF C14-LABELLED COMPOUNDS TO HORSERADISH, NASTURTIUM, AND WATERCRESS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1505-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Underhill ◽  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
L. R. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Methyl Carbon ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus ◽  
Armoracia Lapathifolia ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon

Biosynthetic investigations with C14-labelled compounds indicate that the aromatic isothiocyanate moieties of mustard oil glucosides obtained from garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) are derived from phenylalanine. Similar investigations on sinigrin, the mustard oil glucoside isolated from horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) demonstrate that glycine is incorporated into allyl isothiocyanate. The methyl carbon of acetate was readily incorporated into sinigrin and gluconasturtium and was found almost exclusively in the 'isothiocyanate carbon'; on the other hand the carboxyl carbon is a poor precursor of sinigrin.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MUSTARD OIL GLUCOSIDES: VII. FORMATION OF SINIGRIN IN HORSERADISH FROM HOMOMETHIONINE-2-14C AND HOMOSERINE-2-14C

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1625-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
L. R. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Armoracia Lapathifolia ◽  
Hydroxyvaleric Acid

Five 14C-labeled amino acids were administered to horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) leaves. Three of the amino acids, DL-homoserine-2-14C, DL-methionine-2-14C, and DL-homomethionine-2-14C (2-amino-5-(methylthio)-valeric acid), were precursors of the aglycone (allyl isothiocyanate) of sinigrin. The other two, DL-allylglycine-2-14C (2-amino-4-pentenoic acid) and DL-2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid-2-14C, were incorporated in insignificant amounts. The relationships of the three efficient precursors are discussed. The syntheses of four 14C-labeled amino acids used in this investigation are described.

Topical allyl-isothiocyanate (mustard oil) as a TRPA1-dependent human surrogate model of pain, hyperalgesia, and neurogenic inflammation – A dose response study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
H.H. Andersen ◽  
S. Lo Vecchio ◽  
P. Gazerani ◽  
L. Arendt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Aims Transient receptor potential ion channel A1 (TRPA1) has been shown to play a pathoetiological role in several painful and inflammatory conditions and therefore several new drug candidates, targeting TRPA1 are currently being developed [1]. While the natural TRPA1-agonist allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC, known as “mustard oil”) is an exceedingly common animal pain model, it has only been sparsely investigated as a potential human surrogate model of pain and neurogenic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate dose-response features of AITC as a sensitizing, algogenic irritant in human skin. Methods Three concentrations of AITC (10%, 50%, 90%) and vehicle (100% paraffin) were applied for 5 min to 3 cm × 3 cm areas on the volar forearms in 14 healthy volunteers, and evoked pain (visual analog scale 0–100 mm) and pain quality were assessed. Following the application, a battery of quantitative sensory tests was conducted including assessment of mechanical and thermal sensitivity. Neurogenic inflammation was evaluated using Laser Perfusion Imaging (FLPI). Erythema and pigmentation were assessed before, immediately after and≈64 h after AITC exposure. Results Topical application of AITC induced significant dose-dependent, moderate-to-severe spontaneous pain mostly described as burning as well as mechanical and heat hyperalgesia (p < 0.05). The model also produced robust dynamic mechanical allodynia (p < 0.05). Only modest increases in pain hypersensitivity were observed between the 50% and 90% concentrations. Neurogenic inflammation was evoked by all concentrations and assessments by FLPI demonstrated a significant dose dependent increase from 10% to 50% ATIC, with a ceiling effect from 50% to 90%. Conclusions Topical AITC-application evokes dose-dependent rapid pain and somatosensory sensitization with optimal concentrations recommended to be above 10% and equal to or below 50%. The model is translatable and could be useful in pharmacological proof-of-concept studies of TRPA1-antagonists, analgesics and anti-inflammatory compounds or for exploratory clinical purposes (e.g. loss- or gain-of-function in peripheral neuropathies).

scholarly journals Facial injections of pruritogens or algogens elicit distinct behavior responses in rats and excite overlapping populations of primary sensory and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1078-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Klein ◽  
Mirela Iodi Carstens ◽  
E. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wide Dynamic Range ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis

In the present study, we investigated whether intradermal cheek injection of pruritogens or algogens differentially elicits hindlimb scratches or forelimb wipes in Sprague-Dawley rats, as recently reported in mice. We also investigated responses of primary sensory trigeminal ganglion (TG) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, as well as second-order neurons in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), to pruritic and algesic stimuli. 5-HT was the most effective chemical to elicit dose-dependent bouts of hindlimb scratches directed to the cheek, with significantly less forelimb wiping, consistent with itch. Chloroquine also elicited significant scratching but not wiping. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; mustard oil) elicited dose-dependent wiping with no significant scratching. Capsaicin elicited equivalent numbers of scratch bouts and wipes, suggesting a mixed itch and pain sensation. By calcium imaging, ∼6% of cultured TG and DRG cells responded to 5-HT. The majority of 5-HT-sensitive cells also responded to chloroquine, AITC, and/or capsaicin, and one-third responded to histamine. Using a chemical search strategy, we identified single units in Vc that responded to intradermal cheek injection of 5-HT. Most were wide dynamic range (WDR) or nociceptive specific (NS), and a few were mechanically insensitive. The large majority additionally responded to AITC and/or capsaicin and thus were not pruritogen selective. These results suggest that primary and second-order neurons responsive to pruritogens and algogens may utilize a population coding mechanism to distinguish between itch and pain, sensations that are behaviorally manifested by distinct hindlimb scratching and forelimb wiping responses.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MUSTARD OIL GLUCOSIDES: IV. THE ADMINISTRATION OF METHIONINE-C14 AND RELATED COMPOUNDS TO HORSERADISH

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
L. R. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Armoracia Lapathifolia ◽  
Related Compounds

The administration of C14-labelled compounds to horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) demonstrated that both methionine and acetate were efficiently incorporated into the aglycone (allyl isothiocyanate) of sinigrin. Chemical degradation of the aglycone showed that the methyl group of acetate appeared in the "isothiocyanate carbon" and that carbons 2, 3, and 4 of methionine were incorporated into carbons 2, 3, and 4 respectively of the aglycone with very little randomization. Homocysteine was the only other compound that was incorporated into the aglycone. Other degradation products of methionine did not appear to be incorporated into allyl isothiocyanate.

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