scholarly journals Preventing of Cathode Passivation/Deposition in Electrochemical Treatment Methods – A Case Study on Winery Wastewater with Electrocoagulation

10.5772/58580 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Eyvaz ◽  
Ercan Gürbulak ◽  
Serdar Kara ◽  
Ebubekir Yüksel
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Cathode Passivation

scholarly journals Verfahrensintegrierende Verhaltenstherapie bei Angsterkrankungen -Lernen und Verlernen von pathologischer Angst als ganzheitlicher Prozess

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Dietmar Hansch
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Pathological Anxiety ◽  
Established Treatment

Abstract Nicht zu Unrecht gilt die Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen als die Paradedisziplin der Verhaltenstherapie (VT). Hier wie auch generell zeigt sich die VT dabei aber als zersplittert in eine Vielzahl von Einzelmethoden: Verschiedene Lernformen – Einsichtslernen, Konditionierungslernen und Habituationslernen - werden in ihrem Beitrag zu Angsterkrankungen isoliert voneinander konzipiert. Entsprechend stehen auch auf diesen Lernformen basierende Therapiemethoden für sich. Dadurch werden wichtige Synergiepotenziale verschenkt. Menschliches Lernen, auch und gerade das Lernen und Verlernen von pathologischer Angst, ist aber immer ein ganzheitlicher Prozess. Der Artikel skizziert eine ganzheitliche Psycho-Logik der Eskalation und Chronifizierung pathologischer Angst unter integrierendem Einbezug der o.g. Lernformen. Hieraus leitet sich eine verfahrensintegrierende VT ab, die die etablierten Behandlungsmethoden so kombiniert, dass Synergiegewinne entstehen, was an einem Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht wird. Den theoretischen Hintergrund bildet die Theorie der Selbstorganisation komplexer Systeme, insbesondere die Synergetik – ein Feld, in dem wichtige Aspekte der Gestalttheorie aufgehoben sind. It is not without reason that the treatment of anxiety disorders is considered the showpiece of behavioral therapy (BT). Here as well as in general, however, the BT shows itself fragmented into a multitude of individual methods: Different forms of learning - insight learning, conditioning learning and habituation learning - are designed in isolation from each other in their contribution to anxiety disorders. Correspondingly, treatment methods based on these forms of learning stand for themselves. This gives away important synergy potential. Human learning, also and especially learning and unlearning of pathological anxiety, is always a holistic process. The paper outlines a holistic psycho-logic of the escalation and chronification of pathological anxiety, integrating the above mentioned forms of learning. This leads to the derivation of a method-integrating BT, which combines the established treatment methods in such a way that synergy gains are achieved, as illustrated by a case study. The theoretical background is formed by the theory of the self-organization of complex systems, in particular synergetics - a field in which important aspects of gestalt theory are implied.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Degradation of Carbamazepine: A Case Study of Quantification of “10, 11 Dihydro-10 Hydroxy Carbamazepine And 10, 11-Epoxycarbamazepine” As The Main By-Products Using LC-TOF/MS.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Haider Mussa ◽  
Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Concentration Step ◽  
By Products ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs in Malaysia, so, it was detected in wastewater frequently. The electrochemical treatment process has been applied for the degradation of CBZ using graphite-PVC as an anode. However, two main by-products, namely, 10,11-dihydro10-hydroxy carbamazepine (HDX-CBZ) and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine (EPX-CBZ) have been analysed and quantified using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ were analysed in positive ionisation mode and were separated chromatographically using 5 mm, 2 mm´150 mm C18 column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. To improve sensitivity and detectability, SPE was applied as a pre-concentration step for the treated carbamazepine samples to extract and pre-concentrate HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ. However, three different solvents, namely, methyl tertiary butyl ether, acetone and methanol, have been optimized to enhance the recovery. The recovery was 85% and 92% for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ, respectively, in the presence of methanol. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.588 and 0.109 µg/L for both by-products, respectively. The concentration of HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ was 343 and 144 μg/L, respectively, after 20 min of treatment, then, it was decreased to 17.2 and 9.8 μg/L at 40 min. Finally, both by-products were eliminated after 60 min.

scholarly journals Ledderhose Disease With Concomitant Presence of Dupuytren Contracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2513826X2090350
Author(s):  
Do Hyun Yun ◽  
Alisha R. Bonaroti ◽  
Kant Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Ledderhose Disease ◽  
Dupuytren Contracture ◽  
Plantar Fibromatosis ◽  
Dupuytren Disease

Ledderhose disease, or plantar fibromatosis, is a rare benign disorder of fibrous proliferation in the plantar aponeurosis. It is known to be highly associated with Dupuytren disease of the hand by sharing similar symptomatology and treatment methods. This case study explores a presentation of Ledderhose disease in a 56-year-old male with concomitant Dupuytren contracture. The patient underwent surgical excision resulting in symptomatic relief with regained function. This case highlights diagnostic measures, association with Dupuytren disease, and both surgical and nonsurgical treatment methods of Ledderhose disease.

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