scholarly journals The Relationship Between Sexually Dimorphic Peripheral Nerves and Diseases

10.5772/56080 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

scholarly journals A sexually-dimorphic murine model of IUGR induced by embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Alison S. Care ◽  
Rebecca L Wilson ◽  
Sandra G Piltz ◽  
Paul Q Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
The Relationship

Animal models are needed to develop interventions to prevent or treat intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal growth rates and effects of in utero exposures differ between sexes, but little is known about sex-specific effects of increasing litter size. We established a murine IUGR model using pregnancies generated by multiple embryo transfers, and evaluated sex-specific responses to increasing litter size. CBAF1 embryos were collected at gestation day 0.5 (GD0.5) and 6, 8, 10 or 12 embryos were transferred into each uterine horn of pseudo-pregnant female CD1 mice (n=32). Fetal and placental outcomes were measured at GD18.5. In the main experiment fetuses were genotyped (Sry) for analysis of sex-specific outcomes. The number of implantation sites (P=0.033) and litter size (number of fetuses, P=0.008) correlated positively with number of embryos transferred, while placental weight correlated negatively with litter size (both P<0.01). The relationship between viable litter size and fetal weight differed between sexes (interaction P=0.002), such that fetal weights of males (P=0.002), but not females (P=0.233), correlated negatively with litter size. Placental weight decreased with increasing litter size (P<0.001) and was lower in females than males (P=0.020). Our results suggest that male fetuses grow as fast as permitted by nutrient supply, whereas the female maintains placental reserve capacity. This strategy reflecting sex-specific gene expression is likely to place the male fetus at greater risk of death in the event of a “second hit”.

scholarly journals A Dopamine Receptor D2-Type Agonist Attenuates the Ability of Stress to Alter Sleep in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 4411-4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jefferson ◽  
J. C. Ehlen ◽  
N. S. Williams ◽  
J. J. Montemarano ◽  
K. N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
D2 Receptor Agonist ◽  
Sleep Amount ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although sleep disruptions that accompany stress reduce quality of life and deteriorate health, the mechanisms through which stress alters sleep remain obscure. Psychological stress can alter sleep in a variety of ways, but it has been shown to be particularly influential on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Prolactin (PRL), a sexually dimorphic, stress-sensitive hormone whose basal levels are higher in females, has somnogenic effects on REM sleep. In the current study, we examined the relationship between PRL secretion and REM sleep after restraint stress to determine whether: 1) the ability of stress to increase REM sleep is PRL-dependent, and 2) fluctuating PRL levels underlie sex differences in sleep responses to stress. Because dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary gland are the primary regulator of PRL secretion, D2 receptor agonist, 1-[(6-allylergolin-8β-yl)-carbonyl]-1-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylurea (cabergoline), was used to attenuate PRL levels in mice before 1 hour of restraint stress. Mice were implanted with electroencephalographic/electromyographic recording electrodes and received an ip injection of either 0.3-mg/kg cabergoline or vehicle before a control procedure of 1 hour of sleep deprivation by gentle handling during the light phase. Six days after the control procedure, mice received cabergoline or vehicle 15 minutes before 1 hour of restraint stress. Cabergoline blocked the ability of restraint stress to increase REM sleep amount in males but did not alter REM sleep amount after stress in females even though it reduced basal REM sleep amount in female controls. These data provide evidence that the ability for restraint stress to increase REM sleep is dependent on PRL and that sex differences in REM sleep amount may be driven by PRL.

The relationship between structural features of peripheral nerves and suture methods for nerve repair

Microsurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Zhen Zhong ◽  
Guo-Ying Wang ◽  
Yun-Shao He ◽  
Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio and Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Stella May Gwini ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Markus Schlaich ◽  
Michael Stowasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Hypertension tracks throughout childhood into adulthood. Elevated aldosterone in the setting of low renin predicts incident hypertension in normotensive adults, but the relationship is unclear in adolescents and young adults. To explore this relationship, we analyzed data from the offsprings (Gen2) of women enrolled during pregnancy into the Raine Study (population-based birth cohort), who had blood pressure (BP) measurements and blood samples at age 17 years (N=871) and age 27 years (N=758). At 17 years, females had similar median aldosterone levels (349 versus 346 pmol/L) but significantly lower direct renin concentration (20.6 versus 25.7 mU/L) and thus a higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR; 18.3 versus 13.5) compared with males. However, females had lower systolic BP (109 versus 118 mm Hg) versus males. A significant association between ARR and systolic BP was detected in 17 years males when adjusted for alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. This was true whether the ARR was expressed as a continuous variable (β-coefficient 0.1, P =0.009) or categorical variable (highest versus lowest quartile, β-coefficient 3.15, P =0.003). No such correlation was observed in females at 17 years. However, the ARR at 17 years was significantly associated with both systolic (β-coefficient 0.15, P =0.009) and diastolic BP (β-coefficient 0.14, P =0.003) at 27 years among females, but not males. The sexually dimorphic relationship between the ARR and BP in 17 and 27 years participants suggests that the ARR, calculated from the plasma aldosterone concentration and direct renin concentration, could be a useful tool for BP prediction and assessment in young people, but require sex-specific interpretation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document