scholarly journals Friction and Wear of a Grease Lubricated Contact — An Energetic Approach

Author(s):  
Erik Kuhn
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Zhong ◽  
Youyun Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Han

Many researches are conducted on the effect of particles on lubricated friction and wear of contact surfaces, which shows that particles between two contact surfaces increase lubricated friction and do a great effect to the wear of two sliding surfaces. Similar phenomena also occur when a hard containment particle is being entrained into the lubricated contact. This paper presents a simple two dimensional model which describes the entrainment of particles in a gap. Considering elasticity of the sliding surfaces, the model treats conditions under which a spherical particle of size d can be entrained into a gap between a sliding surface and a fixed plane surface. These conditions are determined by size of the particles, d, and friction coefficients between the particle and the sliding surface, and the particle and the plane, denoted by μs and μp respectively. For the particles to be entrained into the contact, this model predicts the maximum of particles size and the relationship of μs and μp.


Author(s):  
D.I. Potter ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
K. Ruffing

Ion implantation, used extensively for the past decade in fabricating semiconductor devices, now provides a unique means for altering the near-surface chemical compositions and microstructures of metals. These alterations often significantly improve physical properties that depend on the surface of the material; for example, catalysis, corrosion, oxidation, hardness, friction and wear. Frequently the mechanisms causing these beneficial alterations and property changes remain obscure and much of the current research in the area of ion implantation metallurgy is aimed at identifying such mechanisms. Investigators thus confront two immediate questions: To what extent is the chemical composition changed by implantation? What is the resulting microstructure? These two questions can be investigated very fruitfully with analytical electron microscopy (AEM), as described below.


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214
Author(s):  
Lu-cheng Cai ◽  
Xiao-song Jiang ◽  
Yu-cheng Guo ◽  
Da-ming Sun ◽  
Xing-long Wang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Popescu ◽  
Nelu-Mihai Trofenciuc ◽  
Simina Crisan ◽  
Aurora Diana Bordejevic ◽  
Alexandru Mischie ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND A systematic and quantitative comparative analysis for this subject has not been done so far. Thus defined, the coefficient of elasticity is a whole new dimension. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a new mathematical myocardium elasticity property modeling in characterizing of the ventricular diastole and systole. METHODS The study group consisted of 2283 consecutive patients evaluated by echocardiography. The mathematical approach is made starting from energetic consideration, by applying the energy conservation low for the blood entering from left atrium into left ventricle during diastole period. RESULTS Analyzing all the data obtained we developed two brand new coefficients to describe the cardiac cycle and we had verified if the coefficients are correlated with classically used parameters. We consider that the energetic approach take into consideration the whole mechanical movement that is happening inside the heart and can offer a very synthetic and scientific solid view about the cardiac cycle. CONCLUSIONS The new coefficients are simply to be calculated and as you will see from our research the correlation with other classically used parameters is obvious. The direct physical approach of blood flow within the heart can generate new, beneficial perspectives in diagnosing various heart conditions, or even in understanding how works the filling of the ventricles and atria during a heartbeat.


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