Current Therapies and New Pharmacologic Targets for Metastatic Melanoma

Sonography as a Prognostic Indicator of Breslow Depth: Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Auricular Helix

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/8756479320981024 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875647932098102

Author(s):

Shirly Payano-Griffin

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Metastatic Melanoma ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Primary Malignancy ◽

Irregular Border ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Melanoma Patients

Malignant melanoma is a cellular cancer that produces pigmentation of the skin. The tendency toward melanoma may be inherited, and risk factors are increased with overexposure to the sun and ultraviolet radiation. Melanomas commonly present as a dark, asymmetrical, mole-like spot that spreads, with an irregular border. It is uncommon to find a melanoma in the auricular regions and even rarer for it to be a primary malignancy of the auricles. Utilizing sonography to evaluate melanoma lesions could serve as a prognostic indicator, regarding Breslow’s depth, an aide in staging, as well as surgical planning. However, utilizing multiple diagnostic imaging modalities is essential in the proper evaluation and staging of a melanoma. Currently there are revolutionary, effective systemic therapies available for patients with a metastatic melanoma. Current therapies are focused on immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors. These treatment options provide an opportunity for selected metastatic melanoma patients to achieve healthy long-term success.

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Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20200426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 477 (14) ◽

pp. 2679-2696

Author(s):

Riddhi Trivedi ◽

Kalyani Barve

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

New Technology ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

The Body ◽

Lung Pathology ◽

Promising Target ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽

On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

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Abstract #917: Ipilimumab Induced Hypophysitis in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)45207-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Samaneh Dowlatshahi ◽

Ronald A. Codario

Keyword(s):

Metastatic Melanoma

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Abstracts #300082: Current Therapies in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)48249-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Emily Wood

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Current Therapies

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Systemic therapy of metastatic melanoma

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.56.6.330 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 330-333

Author(s):

Dummer ◽

Nestle ◽

Hofbauer ◽

Burg

Keyword(s):

Metastatic Melanoma ◽

Systemic Therapy ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Kurative Therapie

Das metastasierende Melanom (MM) gehört zu den schwierig behandelbaren Malignomen, wobei Allgemeinzustand und Motivation des Patienten neben Zahl und Lokalisation der Metastasen das therapeutische Vorgehen bestimmen. Solitäre Metastasen in Lunge, ZNS, Weichteilen und Lymphknoten sollten primär chirurgisch entfernt werden. Multiple Metastasen, insbesondere abdominal, werden nur in Ausnahmefällen chirurgisch angegangen. Hier ist vielmehr ein systemische Chemoimmuntherapie angebracht. Aussichtsreiche Behandlungskonzepte beinhalten Interleukin-2, Interferon, und verschiedenen Zytostatika wie DTIC, Temozolamid, Vindesine oder Cisplatin. Bei ZNS- und Skelettfiliae ist die Radiotherapie einzusetzen. Durch diese Chemoimmuntherapien hat sich die Prognose des metastasierenden Melanoms bezüglich des Überlebens verbessert. Langfristig wird aber nur eine Kombination von zeitraubenden Multicenterstudien und experimentellen Ansätzen in der Lage sein, uns langsam an eine kurative Therapie heranzuführen.

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