scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Developmental Disorders: Children Who Share Symptoms of Autism, Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

10.5772/54159 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginny Russell ◽  
Zsuzsa Pavelk
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and Attention/Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children Aged 6 to 15

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynah Abid ◽  
Ananya Roy ◽  
Julie B. Herbstman ◽  
Adrienne S. Ettinger
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pah Metabolites ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adversely affects child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the relationship between PAHs and clinically significant developmental disorders. We examined the relationship between childhood measures of PAH exposure and prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability (LD), and special education (SE) in a nationally representative sample of 1,257 U.S. children 6–15 years of age. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2004. PAH exposure was measured by urinary metabolite concentrations. Outcomes were defined by parental report of (1) ever doctor-diagnosed ADHD, (2) ever doctor- or school representative-identified LD, and (3) receipt of SE or early intervention services. Multivariate logistic regression accounting for survey sampling was used to determine the associations between PAH metabolites and ADHD, LD, and SE. Children exposed to higher levels of fluorine metabolites had a 2-fold increased odds (95% C.I. 1.1, 3.8) of SE, and this association was more apparent in males (OR 2.3; 95% C.I. 1.2, 4.1) than in females (OR 1.8; 95% C.I. 0.6, 5.4). No other consistent pattern of developmental disorders was associated with urinary PAH metabolites. However, concurrent exposure to PAH fluorine metabolites may increase use of special education services among U.S. children.

scholarly journals Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults with High-Functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Takanashi ◽  
Hirobumi Mashiko ◽  
Hirohide Yokokawa ◽  
Yoko Kawasaki ◽  
Shuntaro Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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