scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Paediatric Brain Cancer — Descriptive Epidemiology and Risk Factors

10.5772/52427 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Ranger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology

scholarly journals FRI0585 HIGH-THROUGHPUT METHODOLOGY FOR EMR-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF CLINICAL SUB-PHENOTYPES IN COMPLEX PATIENT POPULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 897.2-897
Author(s):  
M. Maurits ◽  
T. Huizinga ◽  
M. Reinders ◽  
S. Raychaudhuri ◽  
E. Karlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Icd Codes

Background:Heterogeneity in disease populations complicates discovery of risk factors. To identify risk factors for subpopulations of diseases, we need analytical methods that can deal with unidentified disease subgroups.Objectives:Inspired by successful approaches from the Big Data field, we developed a high-throughput approach to identify subpopulations within patients with heterogeneous, complex diseases using the wealth of information available in Electronic Medical Records (EMRs).Methods:We extracted longitudinal healthcare-interaction records coded by 1,853 PheCodes[1] of the 64,819 patients from the Boston’s Partners-Biobank. Through dimensionality reduction using t-SNE[2] we created a 2D embedding of 32,424 of these patients (set A). We then identified distinct clusters post-t-SNE using DBscan[3] and visualized the relative importance of individual PheCodes within them using specialized spectrographs. We replicated this procedure in the remaining 32,395 records (set B).Results:Summary statistics of both sets were comparable (Table 1).Table 1.Summary statistics of the total Partners Biobank dataset and the 2 partitions.Set-Aset-BTotalEntries12,200,31112,177,13124,377,442Patients32,42432,39564,819Patientyears369,546.33368,597.92738,144.2unique ICD codes25,05624,95326,305unique Phecodes1,8511,8531,853We found 284 clusters in set A and 295 in set B, of which 63.4% from set A could be mapped to a cluster in set B with a median (range) correlation of 0.24 (0.03 – 0.58).Clusters represented similar yet distinct clinical phenotypes; e.g. patients diagnosed with “other headache syndrome” were separated into four distinct clusters characterized by migraines, neurofibromatosis, epilepsy or brain cancer, all resulting in patients presenting with headaches (Fig. 1 & 2). Though EMR databases tend to be noisy, our method was also able to differentiate misclassification from true cases; SLE patients with RA codes clustered separately from true RA cases.Figure 1.Two dimensional representation of Set A generated using dimensionality reduction (tSNE) and clustering (DBScan).Figure 2.Phenotype Spectrographs (PheSpecs) of four clusters characterized by “Other headache syndromes”, driven by codes relating to migraine, epilepsy, neurofibromatosis or brain cancer.Conclusion:We have shown that EMR data can be used to identify and visualize latent structure in patient categorizations, using an approach based on dimension reduction and clustering machine learning techniques. Our method can identify misclassified patients as well as separate patients with similar problems into subsets with different associated medical problems. Our approach adds a new and powerful tool to aid in the discovery of novel risk factors in complex, heterogeneous diseases.References:[1] Denny, J.C. et al. Bioinformatics (2010)[2]van der Maaten et al. Journal of Machine Learning Research (2008)[3] Ester, M. et al. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. (1996)Disclosure of Interests:Marc Maurits: None declared, Thomas Huizinga Grant/research support from: Ablynx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Sanofi, Consultant of: Ablynx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Sanofi, Marcel Reinders: None declared, Soumya Raychaudhuri: None declared, Elizabeth Karlson: None declared, Erik van den Akker: None declared, Rachel Knevel: None declared

scholarly journals Narrative Literature Review on Risk Factors Involved In Breast Cancer, Brain Cancer, Colon Rectal Cancer, Gynecological Malignancy, Lung Cancer, and Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Justiz-Vaillant ◽  
Lyvan Gardiner ◽  
Maryam Mohammed ◽  
Matthew Surajbally ◽  
Luke Maharaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Colon Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Côlon

In this study, we describe the most critical risk factors for different malignancies, including breast, prostate, lung, colon-rectal carcinoma, among others and those with risk factors that are modifiable. We revised the literature review about risk factors involved in the genesis of cancer in various databases, including articles indexed in PUBMED, SCOPUS, PMC, and Google Scholar. Knowing risk factors is a mode of fighting malignancy. Diet, lifestyle, practises, and laboratory/clinical interventions were among risk factors of diverse malignancy. We conclude that risk factors can prevent the development of many malignancies in a century where this conundrum is raising disproportionably. It is treated here is to make the public aware of the modifiable risks of cancers.

Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors for head and neck cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich M. Sturgis ◽  
Qingyi Wei ◽  
Margaret R. Spitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology

Occupational and environmental risk factors for brain cancer: a pilot case-control study in France

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. e35-e44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Spinelli ◽  
Olivier Chinot ◽  
Cécilia Cabaniols ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Philippe Alla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study
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