scholarly journals Approaches for the Detection of Toxic Compounds in Castor and Physic Nut Seeds and Cakes

10.5772/52332 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keysson Vieira ◽  
Olga Lima Tavares Machado
Keyword(s):  
Physic Nut ◽  
Toxic Compounds

scholarly journals Seduhan daun dan buah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) untuk mengendalikan nematoda perongga akar Radopholus similis secara in vitro

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid Yousif ◽  
Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Oktafiyanto ◽  
Diana Putri ◽  
Abdul Munif
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Radopholus similis is a nematode that infects many plantation crops. Infected plant roots by nematodes will show necrosis symptoms, then rot due to infection of secondary pathogens. Control of R. similis that is effective, environmentally friendly, and easy to be performed by the farmers is the key to success in reducing losses by this nematode. Extract of physic nut has been recognized to be effective in controlling some important pests, but there is currently no reports of its effectiveness in controlling R. similis. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of leaves and fruit steeping of physic nut for in vitro control of R. similis. A total of 1:10 (w/v) leaves and fruit of physic nut were steepped, then filtered by a 500 mesh sieve. Steeping was then dripped into a suspension containing 40 R. similis. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the number of dead nematodes was observed. The leaves steeping of physic nut could kill up to 70% of R. similis. Mortality of R. similis treated with steeping of physic nut seeds reached 76.25%. Both steeping applications did not cause damage to the body of nematodes, thus it is presumably that the mortality was due to toxic compounds.

Development of embedded systems to control toxic compounds in textile industries

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Jahnavi KRM Jahnavi KRM ◽  
◽  
Raghavendra Rao K ◽  
Padma Suvarna R
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Textile Industries

Problems in Detoxifying Fresh Waters Polluted by Base Metal Minewaters

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
Vaclav Kresta ◽  
Gerald B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Know How ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Receiving Waters

Abstract At many mining sites process (milling) and drainage waters escape treatment and cause receiving waters to become contaminated above avoidance or even toxic levels for fish. The present know-how on chemical agents which can be used to complex with copper and zinc to form non-toxic compounds is limited to chelating agents such as NTA or EDTA. Preferential reaction with trivalent ions such as iron means that such ions must be tied up before complexation of copper and zinc can occur. As the amount of iron in contaminated water is usually two to eight times higher than that of copper and zinc, high dosages of chelating agents are usually required. In this project, the use of salts of anthranilic acid, especially calcium anthranilate, was investigated. The consumption of anthranilateions was found to be about the same as that of NTA or EDTA, i.e. four milligrams per milligram of copper or zinc. The total dosage to be applied to contaminated waters would be, however, several times lower as iron is not involved in the reactions and copper and zinc are complexed in that order. Toxicity tests to compare the efficiency and dasages of calcium anthranilate and NTA or EDTA are presently being carried out.

Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1532-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Inhibitors of cholinesterases are a wide group of low molecular weight compounds with a significant role in the current pharmacology. Besides the pharmacological importance, they are also known as toxic compounds like military nerve agents. In the pharmacology, drugs for Alzheimer disease, myasthenia gravis and prophylaxis of poisoning by nerve agents can be mentioned as the relevant applications. Besides this, anti-inflammation and antiphrastic drugs are other pharmacological applications of these inhibitors. This review is focused on a survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments is provided here as well.

Application of Advanced Electrochemical Methods with Nanomaterial-based Electrodes as Powerful Tools for Trace Analysis of Drugs and Toxic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Norouzi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Taher Alizadeh ◽  
Eslam Pourbasheer ◽  
Mostafa Aghazadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Trace Measurement ◽  
Health Application

Background: The new progress in electronic devices has provided a great opportunity for advancing electrochemical instruments by which we can more easily solve many problems of interest for trace analysis of compounds, with a high degree of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and selectivity. On the other hand, in recent years, there is a significant growth in the application of nanomaterials for the construction of nanosensors due to enhanced chemical and physical properties arising from discrete modified nanomaterial-based electrodes or microelectrodes. Objective: Combination of the advanced electrochemical system and nanosensors make these devices very suitable for the high-speed analysis, as motioning and portable devices. This review will discuss the recent developments and achievements that have been reported for trace measurement of drugs and toxic compounds for environment, food and health application.

scholarly journals The Food Anti-Microbials β-Phenylethylamine (-HCl) and Ethyl Acetoacetate Do Not Change during the Heating Process

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Shelley M. Horne ◽  
Angel Ugrinov ◽  
Birgit M. Prüβ
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Early Retention

β-Phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA-HCl) and ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) are anti-microbials with applications in food processing. As food anti-microbials, the compounds will have to withstand the cooking process without changing to toxic compounds. With this Communication, we address the question of whether PEA and EAA are altered when heated to 73.9 °C or 93.3 °C. A combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to analyze solutions of PEA(-HCl) or EAA in beef broth or water. In addition, the anti-microbial activity of PEA-HCl and EAA was compared between heated and unheated samples at a range of concentrations. The gas chromatograms of PEA(-HCl) and EAA showed one peak at early retention times that did not differ between the heated and unheated samples. The mass spectra for PEA and EAA were near identical to those from a spectral database and did not show any differences between the heated and unheated samples. We conclude that PEA(-HCl) and EAA formed pure solutions and were not altered during the heating process. In addition, the anti-microbial activity of PEA-HCl and EAA did not change after the heating of the compounds. Regardless of temperature, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for PEA-HCl were 20.75 mmol mL−1 for Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. For EAA, the MICs were 23.4 mmol mL−1 for E. coli and 15.6 mmol mL−1 for S. enterica.

scholarly journals Exploring the Capability of Yeasts Isolated from Colombian Fermented Cocoa Beans to Form and Degrade Biogenic Amines in a Lab-Scale Model System for Cocoa Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Johannes Delgado-Ospina ◽  
Laura Acquaticci ◽  
Junior Bernardo Molina-Hernandez ◽  
Kalliopi Rantsiou ◽  
Maria Martuscelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽  
Cocoa Fermentation

Yeast starters for cocoa fermentation are usually tested according to their enzymatic activities in terms of mucilage degradation and flavor improvement, disregarding their influence on the production or elimination of toxic compounds as biogenic amines (BAs), important for human health. In this work, we tested 145 strains belonging to 12 different yeast species and isolated from the Colombian fermented cocoa beans (CB) for their capability of producing BAs in vitro. Sixty-five strains were able to decarboxylate at least one of the amino acids tested. Pichia kudriavzevii ECA33 (Pk) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4 (Sc) were selected to evaluate their potential to modulate BAs, organic acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accumulation during a simulated cocoa fermentation. The growth of Sc or Pk in the presence of CB caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 2-phenylethylamine (84% and 37%) and cadaverine (58% and 51%), and a significant increase of tryptamine and putrescine with a strong influence of temperature in BA formation and degradation. In addition, our findings pointed out that Pk induced a major production of fatty acid- and amino acid-derived VOCs, while Sc induced more VOCs derived from fatty acids metabolism. Our results suggest the importance of considering BA production in the choice of yeast starters for cocoa fermentation.

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