scholarly journals Gasification Reactions of Metallurgical Coke and Its Application – Improvement of Carbon Use Efficiency in Blast Furnace

10.5772/51680 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar ◽  
Avinash Patidar ◽  
Bhupendra Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recycled Waste

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

scholarly journals Carbon use efficiency in mycorrhizas theory and sample calculations

1994 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. TINKER ◽  
D. M. DURALL ◽  
M. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Warming affects seasonal dynamics of microorganisms and reduces the N storage capacity of soil microbes in winter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Gündler ◽  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
Sara Marañón Jiménez ◽  
Gunnhildur Gunnarsdóttir ◽  
Páll Sigurðsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
C And N

<p>Seasonality of soil microorganisms plays a critical role in terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The asynchrony of immobilization by microbes and uptake by plants may be important for N retention during winter, when plants are inactive. Meanwhile, the known warming effects on soil microbes (decreasing biomass and increasing growth rates) may affect microbial seasonal dynamics and nutrient retention during winter.</p><p>We sampled soils from a geothermal warming site in Iceland (www.forhot.is) which includes three in situ warming levels (ambient, +3 °C, +6 °C). We harvested soil samples at 9 time points over one year and measured the seasonal variation in microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) and microbial physiology (growth and carbon use efficiency) by an <sup>18</sup>O-labelling technique.</p><p>We observed that Cmic and Nmic peaked in winter, followed by a decline in spring and summer. In contrast growth and respiration rates were higher in summer than winter. The observed biomass peak at lower growth rates, suggests that microbial death rates must have declined even more than growth rates. Soil warming increased biomass-specific microbial activity (i.e., growth, respiration, and turnover rates per unit of microbial biomass), prolonging the period of higher microbial activity found in summer into autumn and winter. Microbial carbon use efficiency was unaltered by soil warming. Throughout the seasons, warming reduced Cmic and Nmic, albeit with a stronger effect in winter than summer and restrained winter biomass accumulation by up to 78% compared to ambient conditions. We estimated a reduced microbial winter N storage capacity by 45.5 and 94.6 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> at +3 °C and +6 °C warming respectively compared to ambient conditions. This reduction represents 1.57% and 3.26% of total soil N stocks, that could potentially be lost per year from these soils.</p><p>Our results clearly demonstrate that soil warming strongly decreases microbial C and N immobilization when plants are inactive, potentially leading to higher losses of C and N from warmed soils over winter. These results have important implications as increased N losses may restrict increased plant growth in a future climate.</p>

Divergent responses of terrestrial carbon use efficiency to climate variation from 2000 to 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 103709
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Gang ◽  
Zhuonan Wang ◽  
Yongfa You ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Rongting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variation ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals The role of alternative oxidase in modulating carbon use efficiency and growth during macronutrient stress in tobacco cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (416) ◽  
pp. 1499-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Sieger ◽  
Brian K. Kristensen ◽  
Christine A. Robson ◽  
Sasan Amirsadeghi ◽  
Edward W. Y. Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Tobacco Cells ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency
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