scholarly journals HPA Axis Modulation in the Treatment of Mood Disorders

10.5772/51600 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. ◽  
Charles B.
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis

HPA axis function in mood disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Paul Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis

Chronic stress, hippocampus and parvalbumin-positive interneurons: what do we know so far?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Zaletel ◽  
Dragana Filipović ◽  
Nela Puškaš
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Contextual Memory ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Unexplored Area

AbstractThe hippocampus is a brain structure involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress response. It plays an important role in the formation of declarative, spatial and contextual memory, as well as in the processing of emotional information. As a part of the limbic system, it is a very susceptible structure towards the effects of various stressors. The molecular mechanisms of structural and functional alternations that occur in the hippocampus under chronic stress imply an increased level of circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), which is an HPA axis response to stress. Certain data show that changes induced by chronic stress may be independent from the GCs levels, opening the possibility of existence of other poorly explored mechanisms and pathways through which stressors act. The hippocampal GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons represent an especially vulnerable population of neurons in chronic stress, which may be of key importance in the development of mood disorders. However, cellular and molecular hippocampal changes that arise as a consequence of chronic stress still represent a large and unexplored area. This review discusses the current knowledge about the PV+ interneurons of the hippocampus and the influence of chronic stress on this intriguing population of neurons.

scholarly journals Future therapeutic targets in mood disorders: the glucocorticoid receptor

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McQuade ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism

BackgroundThe hypercortisolaemia and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis associated with mood disorders have been attributed to a breakdown in the glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated negative feedback mechanism regulating HPA activity. Reinstating normal feedback may be therapeutic in mood disorders.AimsTo review the evidence for the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders.MethodMedline and hand searches were carried out, selecting literature relevant to psychiatrists and psychopharmacologists.ResultsA dysfunction in glucocorticoid receptors is integral to the HPA abnormalities of mood disorders. Antidepressant and mood-stabilising drugs can up-regulate glucocorticoid receptors, restoring glucocorticoid function. Preliminary clinical studies targeting the glucocorticoid receptor are encouraging.ConclusionsDrugs designed specifically to up-regulate glucocorticoid receptors may be integral to future strategies in treating mood disorders.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and suicide risk in mood disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. S65-S66
Author(s):  
J. Jokinen⁎ ◽  
A.-L. Nordström ◽  
P. Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

CHAPTER 11. Modulation of HPA Axis Function for Treatment of Mood Disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 276-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun P. Brothers ◽  
Claes Wahlestedt ◽  
Charles B. Nemeroff
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function and the Metabolic Syndrome X of Obesity

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiju C. Gohil ◽  
Leonard A. Rosenblum ◽  
Jeremy D. Coplan ◽  
John G. Kral
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Bonnet Macaque ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

AbstractObesity has negative health consequences related to fat distribution, particularly the central or visceral accumulation of fat. The major complications associated with visceral obesity, termed the “Metabolic Syndrome of Obesity,” or “Syndrome X,” are type II diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. As with certain mood disorders, the syndrome may be a consequence of neuroendocrine perturbations typically associated with chronic stress. Our work with bonnet macaque monkeys provides an animal model for the relationship between early stress, behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and Syndrome X. During their infant's first half-year, mothers face a variable foraging demand (VFD), in which ample food varies unpredictably in the difficulty of its acquisition, and the offspring show persistent abnormalities in systems known to modulate stress and affective regulation. Early work on the bonnet macaque noted the emergence of a sample of spontaneously obese subjects as they matured. Using the VFD model, the current study showed that there was a clear relationship between early cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor levels and subsequently measured body mass index, supporting the hypotheses regarding the interactive roles of early experience and HPA axis dysregulation in the ontogeny of both metabolic and mood disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Sofia Dionysopoulou ◽  
Evangelia Charmandari ◽  
Alexandra Bargiota ◽  
Nikolaos F Vlahos ◽  
George Mastorakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Hypothalamic Inflammation ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Obesity is often associated with cognitive and mood disorders. Recent evidence suggests that obesity may cause hypothalamic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that there is a causal link between obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation and cognitive and mood disorders. Inflammation may influence hypothalamic inter-connections with regions important for cognition and mood, while it may cause dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and influence monoaminergic systems. Exercise, healthy diet, and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which can reduce hypothalamic inflammation in obese models, could improve the deleterious effects on cognition and mood.

HPA axis function in mood disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Paul Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis

Biological predictors of suicidal behaviour in mood disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
J. John Mann ◽  
Dianne Currier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Predicting suicide is difficult due to its low base rate and the multicausal nature of suicidal behaviour. Retrospective and cross-sectional studies have identified a number of biologic abnormalities associated with suicide and non-fatal suicide attempt. Non-fatal suicidal behaviour shows a big range in terms of degree of intent and medical damage or lethality. High intent more lethal suicide attempts are associated with greater risk of suicide and different demographics and biology compared with impulsive low lethality attempts. Prospective studies of suicide provide estimates of the predictive utility of biologic measures. Here, we review prospective studies of suicidal behaviour and serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic systems, inflammation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis function in mood disorders. The most promising biologic predictors are low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and HPA axis dysfunction, as demonstrated by dexamethasone non-suppression where each are associated with a 4.5-fold greater risk of suicide.

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