scholarly journals Processing of Desalination Reject Brine for Optimization of Process Efficiency, Cost Effectiveness and Environmental Safety

10.5772/50234 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gamal Khedr
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Cost

Audit Assessment of the Effectiveness of Public Procurement Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s085-s107
Author(s):  
Iryna Drozd ◽  
Mariia Pysmenna ◽  
Nataliia Pohribna ◽  
Nataliya Zdyrko ◽  
Anna Kulish
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Procurement Procedure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Parameters

The article seeks describing the benefits and challenges faced by auditors in assessing the effectiveness of public procurement procedures in terms of applying the methodology for calculating efficiency, economy and effectiveness, taking into account the risks of procurement in e-auctions. Quantitative risk parameters are calculated using data of probabilistic indicators of procurement risk assessment according to the ratio of the number of relevant procedures (sub-threshold and above-threshold) to the total number of procurement procedures. Statistical valuation methods are used for the cost risk assessments and calculation of the aggregate risk indicator of public procurement. The calculations are performed using the data of the open e-procurement system ProZorro for all announced procurements in 2018-2019. We analyzed the methods, indicators and the extent to which the study of the public procurement effectiveness via bibliographic and case studies is performed. As a result, the majority of methods cover four components of assessing the public procurement efficiency - targeted efficiency, cost-effectiveness, organizational efficiency, efficiency of budget expenditures for public procurement. This does not provide an assessment of the automated systems’ impact on the procurement procedures results and on possible savings due to the use of certain procurement procedures. To comprehensively assess the procurement efficiency in e-bidding, the authors propose considering four key risks: the risk of cancellation of the procurement procedure, the risk that the procurement procedure will not take place, the risk of appealing the procurement, the risk of disqualification. As a result of risks calculations under the sub-threshold and above-threshold procurement, individual values of risks and their aggregate indicator are determined. This will adjust the scope of audit procedures to verify individual procurements and identify weaknesses in the procurement management system. We believe that the methodology of auditing the procurement effectiveness, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative parameters of procurement risks, will be a useful audit tool to determine the effectiveness of the use of public funds under individual procurements and identify areas of cost-effectiveness for the state budget funds.

Enhancement of Performance of Multi Diagonal Code OCDMA System Using OFDM Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Aldhaibani ◽  
S.A. Aljunid ◽  
M.S. Anuar ◽  
A.R. Arief
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Next Generation Networks ◽  
High Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Theoretical Results

In this paper, we describe the improved performance of the SAC-OCDMA system using OFDM technique compared to SCM/SAC-OCDMA system. The theoretical results of proposed system shows that the new SAC/OCDMA system with OFDM technique provides better performance compared to SCM/OCDMA system based on multi diagonal code (MD), and the results have been evaluated based on BER and number of users for bit rate 1Gb/s and 10 Gb/s . Thus this system could be a promising solution to symmetric high capacity access networks with high spectral efficiency, cost effectiveness, good flexibility and enhanced security, which is candidate for next generation networks.

scholarly journals Regulatory perspectives of the air express industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Kian Chuan Chang ◽  
Mark Brian Debowski
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Express Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Initial Focus

In its early days, the international air express industry was synonymous with on-board couriers, carrying bags of documents on commercial flights. The industry has changed dramatically. That initial focus on documents has widened into the transport of packages and freight, carried by fleets of fully owned or dedicated aircraft, trucks, trains and delivery vans. The bulk of the business is dominated by 24-hour guaranteed and next-day deliveries. “Every day, hundreds of thousands of employees serve the distribution needs of an increasing number of businesses worldwide from one region to another” (European Express Association, 2002). The express companies are also making use of state-of-the-art information technology systems to provide minute-by-minute control and track and trace information. All the resources in the industry are dedicated to providing customers maximum reliability and flexibility of service. In this article, detailed information on major regulatory barriers in the air express industry are presented. Furthermore, recommendations on how to minimize the impact of these barriers in order to build a better future (with reference to operational efficiency, cost effectiveness and wider coverage of services to the final customers) are also discussed.

scholarly journals POWER SUPPLY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF PULSE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Aliakseyeu ◽  
A. Yu. Korolyov ◽  
V. S. Niss ◽  
A. E. Parshuto ◽  
E. V. Soroka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Pulse Mode ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Modes

Recently, there has been a tendency in the industry to use electrochemical processing methods based on the use of milli- and microsecond pulses of different polarity and amplitude instead of a direct current. The use of a pulsed current in many cases makes it possible to obtain the desired effect by cheaper means and to provide additional controllability of the electrochemical process by adjusting the time parameters of the current pulses. This also ensures reduction of the energy costs of the polishing and cleaning process of surfaces as compared to direct current processing and increasing the efficiency of processing when the rate of smoothing the surface microroughness referred to the total removal of the metal rises significantly. For example, the application of bipolar pulses in polishing of many metallic materials eliminates the use of expensive and hazardous chromium electrolytes. The use of pulse mode during electrolyte-plasma polishing makes it possible to achieve the reduction of energy consumption and to increase of process efficiency while maintaining high intensity, processing quality and environmental safety. In order to study the effect of pulses parameters and the duration of a pause between them on the characteristics of the surface of parts made of various metallic materials in electrochemical and electrolyte-plasma processing modes the special power supply was modeled, designed and manufactured. The power supply provides the possibility of regulation frequency, the duration of the positive and negative pulses and the duration of the pauses between them a wide range. It makes it possible to generate current pulses up to 50 A at a voltage of 0 to 400 V of positive and negative polarities and is able to regulate their duration in the range from 10.0 μs to 8.1 s with the possibility of changing the ratio of the pulse duration and pauses from 1:1 to 1:9.

Efficiency, cost-effectiveness and need of inversion in nutritional therapy. Importance of detecting and documenting undernutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e28-e32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Manuel Morán López ◽  
María Piedra León ◽  
Belén Beneítez Moralejo ◽  
Fidel Jesús Enciso Izquierdo ◽  
Luis Miguel Luengo Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Efficiency Cost

Painting (and Writing) over Dante

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-180
Author(s):  
H. Wayne Storey
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
University Library ◽  
Scribal Culture ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
The University

Abstract With the advent of studies in the area of mise-en-page and the increased interest in the relationships among text, image, and material structures in medieval manuscripts, the inherent problems of interpretation and “intentionality” have often been concentrated in critics’ assignment of meaning and cultural “readings” to medieval illuminators. Yet numerous sources, especially the instructions to illuminators that remain still visible in unfinished manuscripts, confirm that methods of work in the illustrating of medieval texts were guided by very different criteria than interpretation. Instead, the material and mechanical realities of reproducing medieval texts, among them Dante’s Commedia, were often subject more to production efficiency, cost effectiveness, taste, and scribal and cultural norms. Examining the instructions to the illuminator of an unfinished copy of a uniquely edited Veneto copy of the Commedia, initially produced in the 1340s (Codex Italicus 1 of the University Library and Archives of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest), this essay investigates the systems and constructions imposed on the Commedia by a new scribal culture in the reproduction and “visual glossing” of the poem.

Integrated model for robust emission trading under uncertainties: Cost-effectiveness and environmental safety

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Ermoliev ◽  
Tatiana Ermolieva ◽  
Matthias Jonas ◽  
Michael Obersteiner ◽  
Fabian Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Integrated Model
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