scholarly journals Microbial Interactions in the Gut: The Role of Bioactive Components in Milk and Honey

Probiotics ◽  
10.5772/50122 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Helena
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Bioactive Components

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal Bioactive Components in Mitochondria Function and Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Tao ◽  
Yanrong Zhang ◽  
Zhiqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Atp Production

Mitochondria are highly dynamic double-membrane organelles which play a well-recognized role in ATP production, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction (redox) status, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. Dysfunction of mitochondria has long been observed in a number of human diseases, including cancer. Targeting mitochondria metabolism in tumors as a cancer therapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for researchers in recent years due to the essential role of mitochondria in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and progression. On the other hand, a series of studies have indicated that traditional medicinal herbs, including traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), exert their potential anticancer effects as an effective adjunct treatment for alleviating the systemic side effects of conventional cancer therapies, for reducing the risk of recurrence and cancer mortality and for improving the quality of patients’ life. An amazing feature of these structurally diverse bioactive components is that majority of them target mitochondria to provoke cancer cell-specific death program. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies about the role of these herbs, especially their bioactive compounds in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Dentine matrix metalloproteinases as potential mediators of dentine regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
E Guirado ◽  
◽  
A George
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Critical Components

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated not only in the regulation of developmental processes but also in the release of biologically active molecules and in the modulation of repair during tertiary dentine formation. Although efforts to preserve dentine have focused on inhibiting the activity of these proteases, their function is much more complex and necessary for dentine repair than expected. The present review explores the role of MMPs as bioactive components of the dentine matrix involved in dentine formation, repair and regeneration. Special consideration is given to the mechanical properties of dentine, including those of reactionary and reparative dentine, and the known roles of MMPs in their formation. MMPs are critical components of the dentine matrix and should be considered as important candidates in dentine regeneration.

scholarly journals Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity, Adaptation, and Role in Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Oberbeckmann ◽  
Matthias Labrenz
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Artificial Surfaces ◽  
Plastic Degradation

We have known for more than 45 years that microplastics in the ocean are carriers of microbially dominated assemblages. However, only recently has the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems been investigated in detail. Research in this field has focused on three main areas: ( a) the establishment of plastic-specific biofilms (the so-called plastisphere); ( b) enrichment of pathogenic bacteria, particularly members of the genus Vibrio, coupled to a vector function of microplastics; and ( c) the microbial degradation of microplastics in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the relationships between marine microorganisms and microplastics remain unclear. In this review, we deduce from the current literature, new comparative analyses, and considerations of microbial adaptation concerning plastic degradation that interactions between microorganisms and microplastic particles should have rather limited effects on the ocean ecosystems. The majority of microorganisms growing on microplastics seem to belong to opportunistic colonists that do not distinguish between natural and artificial surfaces. Thus, microplastics do not pose a higher risk than natural particles to higher life forms by potentially harboring pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, microplastics in the ocean represent recalcitrant substances for microorganisms that are insufficient to support prokaryotic metabolism and will probably not be microbially degraded in any period of time relevant to human society. Because we cannot remove microplastics from the ocean, proactive action regarding research on plastic alternatives and strategies to prevent plastic entering the environment should be taken promptly.

scholarly journals Platelet Rich Plasma: a short overview of certain bioactive components

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voja Pavlovic ◽  
Milan Ciric ◽  
Vladimir Jovanovic ◽  
Predrag Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Tissues

AbstractPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) represents a relatively new approach in regenerative medicine. It is obtained from patient’s own blood and contains different growth factors and other biomolecules necessary for wound healing. Since there are various protocols for PRP preparing, it usually results with PRP generation with different amounts of bioactive substances, which finally may modulate the intensity of wound healing. The reference data about potential effect of some PRP compounds on wound healing, in different tissues, are still controversial. This review summarizes recently known facts about physiological role of certain PRP components and guidance for further research. Also, this review discusses different procedure for PRP generation and potential effect of leukocytes on wound healing.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis reveals a role for ABCB1 in gut immune responses to Vibrio diazotrophicus in sea urchin larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Fleming ◽  
Catherine S. Schrankel ◽  
Himanshu Vyas ◽  
Hannah D. Rosenblatt ◽  
Amro Hamdoun
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

ABSTRACT The ABC transporter ABCB1 plays an important role in the disposition of xenobiotics. Embryos of most species express high levels of this transporter in early development as a protective mechanism, but its native substrates are not known. Here, we used larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus to characterize the early life expression and role of Sp-ABCB1a, a homolog of ABCB1. The results indicate that while Sp-ABCB1a is initially expressed ubiquitously, it becomes enriched in the developing gut. Using optimized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods to achieve high editing efficiency in the F0 generation, we generated ABCB1a crispant embryos with significantly reduced transporter efflux activity. When infected with the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio diazotrophicus, Sp-ABCB1a crispant larvae demonstrated significantly stronger gut inflammation, immunocyte migration and cytokine Sp-IL-17 induction, as compared with infected control larvae. The results suggest an ancestral function of ABCB1 in host–microbial interactions, with implications for the survival of invertebrate larvae in the marine microbial environment.

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