Muscle Fibre Phenotyping from a Single Section: Is It as Informative as from Serial Sections?

Abstract:This paper describes the comparability of counts in the locus coeruleus made from serial sections and those made from a single section at the point of greatest density of neurons. Samples of the locus coeruleus neuronal population derived from single section counts though not exactly comparable, are of comparable utility to those obtained from more laborious total neuronal counts. The simpler method was used to examine the hypothesis that there are subtypes of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Separation into two groups was achieved when independent variables of cortical neuronal counts and tangle estimates were used. This finding adds to the growing evidence that Alzheimer's disease of the senile type is not a unitary disorder.

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The distribution of larvae of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi in the flight muscle fibres of Aedes aegypti and Mansonia uniformis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000041032 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Evelyn B. Beckett ◽

W. W. Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Longitudinal Muscle ◽

Flight Muscle ◽

Brugia Malayi ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Brugia Pahangi ◽

The Difference ◽

Mansonia Uniformis

1. The distribution of filarial larvae in the dorsoventral and dorsal-longitudinal muscle fibre groups was studied in serial sections of mosquitoes of a susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti infected with Brugia pahangi or subperiodic B. malayi and of wild-caught Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes containing the latter parasite.2. The experiments showed that more larvae were situated in the dorsal-longitudinal muscle than in the dorsoventral and that the difference in numbers was highly significant.

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The distribution of developing Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi larvae within the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of Aedes aegypti and Mansonia uniformis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000067469 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

Evelyn B. Beckett

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Longitudinal Muscle ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Fibre Bundles ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flight Muscles ◽

Mansonia Uniformis

1. The distribution of larvae within the dorsal longitudinal muscle fibre groups of A. aegypti infected with subperiodic B. malayi or B. pahangi and of M. uniformis infected with the former parasite was studied with the aid of serial sections.2. In all experiments the top bundles of fibres contained fewer parasites than either the middle or lowest bundles, but whereas most parasites were concentrated in the middle bundles in A. aegypti there was no significant difference in M. uniformis between the bottom and middle fibre bundles. The lowermost fibre was not the most heavily parasitized of the dorsal longitudinal group.3. Nothing is known of what determines whether or not a particular fibre becomes parasitized, but it was concluded that the distance between the fibre and the gut (from which the parasites emerge to travel to the muscle) is not the principal factor.I am very much indebted to Mr Cheong Weng Hooi and his colleagues for collecting and processing mosquitoes in Kuala Lumpur and to Mrs J. Oliver who finished the processing in Liverpool. I am grateful also to Dr W. W. Macdonald for his advice and help in all stages of this work and to Miss M. A. Johnson who assisted with the care of the A. aegypti colony and prepared the diagrams for this paper.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080249 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 562-563

Author(s):

Robert Glaeser ◽

Thomas Bauer ◽

David Grano

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Thin Sections ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Stereo Imagery ◽

Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

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Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005161x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 320-321

Author(s):

J. P. Revel

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Cellular Interactions ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cell Sheets ◽

Freeze Etching ◽

Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

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Ultrastructural localization of neuropeptides in the rat brain

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010008393x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 612-613

Author(s):

F.W. Van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Freeze Substitution ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Microscopical Level ◽

Electron Microscopical Level ◽

Enzyme Method ◽

Perfusion Fixation ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Unlabeled Antibody ◽

Peroxidase Conjugate

In order to obtain specific and optimal ultrastructural localization of vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the rat, 2 staining procedures and several tissue treatments were evaluated using neurohypophyseal tissue. It appeared from these studies that post-embedding staining with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method developed by Sternberger allows greater dilution of the first antibody (anti-vasopressin, 1:4800) than the indirect procedure (1:320) using a peroxidase conjugate as second antibody. Immersion fixation with 4% formalin during 24 hours gave better results (general ultrastructure, immunoreactivity) than those obtained by perfusion fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehyde or freeze substitution.Since no reliable specificity tests were performed at the electron microscopical level, tests were developed for antibodies against both vasopressin and oxytocin. For anti-vasopressin plasma neural lobes of homozygous Brattleboro rats, that are lacking vasopressin by a genet- ical defect, were used. For antibodies against both hormones serial sections were used that were alternately incubated with the antibodies.

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Probing the ultrastructure of the mitotic and meiotic spindle in eggs: An expeditious approach based on semi-thin (0.25 μm) serial sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076408 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 552-555

Author(s):

Conly L. Rieder ◽

S. Bowser ◽

R. Nowogrodzki ◽

K. Ross ◽

G. Sluder

Keyword(s):

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Meiotic Spindle ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Mitotic Apparatus ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Cell Cycles ◽

Ultrastructural Studies

Eggs have long been a favorite material for studying the mechanism of karyokinesis in-vivo and in-vitro. They can be obtained in great numbers and, when fertilized, divide synchronously over many cell cycles. However, they are not considered to be a practical system for ultrastructural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) for several reasons, the most obvious of which is that sectioning them is a formidable task: over 1000 ultra-thin sections need to be cut from a single 80-100 μm diameter egg and of these sections only a small percentage will contain the area or structure of interest. Thus it is difficult and time consuming to obtain reliable ultrastructural data concerning the MA of eggs; and when it is obtained it is necessarily based on a small sample size.We have recently developed a procedure which will facilitate many studies concerned with the ultrastructure of the MA in eggs. It is based on the availability of biological HVEM's and on the observation that 0.25 μm thick serial sections can be screened at high resolution for content (after mounting on slot grids and staining with uranyl and lead) by phase contrast light microscopy (LM; Figs 1-2).

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Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115043 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

E. R. Macagno ◽

C. Levinthal

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Synaptic Connectivity ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Small Crustacean ◽

Optic Ganglion ◽

Structural Invariance ◽

High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

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Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127426 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 588-589

Author(s):

M. Marko ◽

A. Leith ◽

D. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Electron Micrographs ◽

Cell Morphology ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Serial Section ◽

Stereo Pair ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

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